TY - JOUR
T1 - Abundance and Emission Flux of the Anthropogenic Iron Oxide Aerosols From the East Asian Continental Outflow
AU - Yoshida, Atsushi
AU - Ohata, Sho
AU - Moteki, Nobuhiro
AU - Adachi, Kouji
AU - Mori, Tatsuhiro
AU - Koike, Makoto
AU - Takami, Akinori
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (2-1403, 5-1605, and 2-1703), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI program (grants 23221001, 26241003, 16H01770, 16K16188, and 15H05465), and the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. We thank all participants involved in the field campaign at Cape Hedo Atmosphere and Aerosol Monitoring Station. We thank Hitoshi Matsui for helping with backward trajectory analysis and for providing useful comments about the emission flux, Yoshio Takahashi and Minako Kurisu for discussions about the chemical properties of iron aerosols, and Atsushi Shimizu for sharing lidar data. Supporting data are in the supporting information file (Table S2); any additional data will be available upon request to A. Y. (ayoshida@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp).
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (2-1403, 5-1605, and 2-1703), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI program (grants 23221001, 26241003, 16H01770, 16K16188, and 15H05465), and the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. We thank all participants involved in the field campaign at Cape Hedo Atmosphere and Aerosol Monitoring Station. We thank Hitoshi Matsui for helping with backward trajectory analysis and for providing useful comments about the emission flux, Yoshio Takahashi and Minako Kurisu for discussions about the chemical properties of iron aerosols, and Atsushi Shimizu for sharing lidar data. Supporting data are in the sup porting information file (Table S2); any additional data will be available upon request to A. Y. (ayoshida@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp).
Publisher Copyright:
©2018. The Authors.
PY - 2018/10/16
Y1 - 2018/10/16
N2 - Anthropogenic iron oxide (FeOx) aerosols can affect atmospheric radiation, marine biogeochemistry, and human health. However, due to lack of observational data, their atmospheric abundance and emission flux are not well understood. In this study, we observed size-resolved concentrations of FeOx (170–2100 nm) and black carbon (BC, 70–850 nm) aerosols at a remote site in the East China Sea in March 2016 using a modified single-particle soot photometer (SP2). Light signals measured by the SP2 and particle morphology and compositions analyzed by a transmission electron microscope revealed that most of the observed FeOx aerosols are of anthropogenic origin. Clear correlations were found between mass concentrations of FeOx and BC (R2 = 0.717) and between FeOx and carbon monoxide (CO) (R2 = 0.718) in air masses from China, indicating that their emission sources are spatially similar. The correlation slopes of mass concentration (ng/m3) are ~0.3 and 0.0015, respectively. Based on the correlation slopes and emission inventories of BC and CO in China, we estimated emission flux of anthropogenic FeOx aerosols from China to be 0.21–0.49 FeTg/yr. Based on the observed size distribution and previous studies on mass fraction of FeOx and non-FeOx, we also estimated emission flux of anthropogenic Fe (FeOx + non-FeOx) in PM10 as 0.74–1.7 FeTg/yr. These emission fluxes from China are comparable to global emission fluxes in currently reported inventories of anthropogenic Fe (0.51–1.91 FeTg/yr). Our results suggest that the current emission inventories of anthropogenic Fe are underestimated.
AB - Anthropogenic iron oxide (FeOx) aerosols can affect atmospheric radiation, marine biogeochemistry, and human health. However, due to lack of observational data, their atmospheric abundance and emission flux are not well understood. In this study, we observed size-resolved concentrations of FeOx (170–2100 nm) and black carbon (BC, 70–850 nm) aerosols at a remote site in the East China Sea in March 2016 using a modified single-particle soot photometer (SP2). Light signals measured by the SP2 and particle morphology and compositions analyzed by a transmission electron microscope revealed that most of the observed FeOx aerosols are of anthropogenic origin. Clear correlations were found between mass concentrations of FeOx and BC (R2 = 0.717) and between FeOx and carbon monoxide (CO) (R2 = 0.718) in air masses from China, indicating that their emission sources are spatially similar. The correlation slopes of mass concentration (ng/m3) are ~0.3 and 0.0015, respectively. Based on the correlation slopes and emission inventories of BC and CO in China, we estimated emission flux of anthropogenic FeOx aerosols from China to be 0.21–0.49 FeTg/yr. Based on the observed size distribution and previous studies on mass fraction of FeOx and non-FeOx, we also estimated emission flux of anthropogenic Fe (FeOx + non-FeOx) in PM10 as 0.74–1.7 FeTg/yr. These emission fluxes from China are comparable to global emission fluxes in currently reported inventories of anthropogenic Fe (0.51–1.91 FeTg/yr). Our results suggest that the current emission inventories of anthropogenic Fe are underestimated.
KW - aerosols
KW - East Asia
KW - emission
KW - iron oxide
KW - single-particle soot photometer
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U2 - 10.1029/2018JD028665
DO - 10.1029/2018JD028665
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85054563610
SN - 2169-897X
VL - 123
SP - 11,194-11,209
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
IS - 19
ER -
