Bidirectional single-electron counting and the fluctuation theorem

Engineering & Materials Science

• Electrons 98%
• Electrometers 80%
• Electron tunneling 76%
• Statistics 73%
• Shot noise 73%
• Heterojunctions 64%
• Point contacts 56%
• Random processes 52%

Physics & Astronomy

• counting 85%
• theorems 82%
• electrons 41%
• statistics 38%
• electrometers 33%
• stochastic processes 29%
• shot noise 27%
• electron tunneling 27%
• quantum dots 18%
• predictions 13%

Chemical Compounds

• Tunneling 100%
• Stochastic Process 78%
• Nonequilibrium 52%
• Quantum Dot 43%
• Modification 27%