TY - JOUR
T1 - Black Carbon and Inorganic Aerosols in Arctic Snowpack
AU - Mori, Tatsuhiro
AU - Goto-Azuma, Kumiko
AU - Kondo, Yutaka
AU - Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Yoshimi
AU - Miura, Kazuhiko
AU - Hirabayashi, Motohiro
AU - Oshima, Naga
AU - Koike, Makoto
AU - Kupiainen, Kaarle
AU - Moteki, Nobuhiro
AU - Ohata, Sho
AU - Sinha, P. R.
AU - Sugiura, Konosuke
AU - Aoki, Teruo
AU - Schneebeli, Martin
AU - Steffen, Konrad
AU - Sato, Atsushi
AU - Tsushima, Akane
AU - Makarov, Vladimir
AU - Omiya, Satoshi
AU - Sugimoto, Atsuko
AU - Takano, Shinya
AU - Nagatsuka, Naoko
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2‐1403 and 2‐1703) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grants (JP12J06736, JP16J04452, JP23221001, JP23221004, JP26701004, JP26241003, JP16H01772, JP16H01770, JP18H03363, JP18H05292, and JP19K20441); the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project; the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project; and National Institute of Polar Research (Project Research KP‐15). The data used in this study are available at https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/dataset/A20190315‐001 . We also used NOAA/NCEP Reanalysis data from http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/ .
Publisher Copyright:
©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2019/12/16
Y1 - 2019/12/16
N2 - Black carbon (BC) deposited on snow lowers its albedo, potentially contributing to warming in the Arctic. Atmospheric distributions of BC and inorganic aerosols, which contribute directly and indirectly to radiative forcing, are also greatly influenced by depositions. To quantify these effects, accurate measurement of the spatial distributions of BC and ionic species representative of inorganic aerosols (ionic species hereafter) in snowpack in various regions of the Arctic is needed, but few such measurements are available. We measured mass concentrations of size-resolved BC (CMBC) and ionic species in snowpack by using a single-particle soot photometer and ion chromatography, respectively, over Finland, Alaska, Siberia, Greenland, and Spitsbergen during early spring in 2012–2016. Total BC mass deposited per unit area (DEPMBC) during snow accumulation periods was derived from CMBC and snow water equivalent (SWE). Our analyses showed that the spatial distributions of anthropogenic BC emission flux, total precipitable water, and topography strongly influenced latitudinal variations of CMBC, BC size distributions, SWE, and DEPMBC. The average size distributions of BC in Arctic snowpack shifted to smaller sizes with decreasing CMBC due to an increase in the removal efficiency of larger BC particles during transport from major sources. Our measurements of CMBC were lower by a factor of ~13 than previous measurements made with an Integrating Sphere/Integrating Sandwich spectrophotometer due mainly to interference from coexisting non-BC particles such as mineral dust. The SP2 data presented here will be useful for constraining climate models that estimate the effects of BC on the Arctic climate.
AB - Black carbon (BC) deposited on snow lowers its albedo, potentially contributing to warming in the Arctic. Atmospheric distributions of BC and inorganic aerosols, which contribute directly and indirectly to radiative forcing, are also greatly influenced by depositions. To quantify these effects, accurate measurement of the spatial distributions of BC and ionic species representative of inorganic aerosols (ionic species hereafter) in snowpack in various regions of the Arctic is needed, but few such measurements are available. We measured mass concentrations of size-resolved BC (CMBC) and ionic species in snowpack by using a single-particle soot photometer and ion chromatography, respectively, over Finland, Alaska, Siberia, Greenland, and Spitsbergen during early spring in 2012–2016. Total BC mass deposited per unit area (DEPMBC) during snow accumulation periods was derived from CMBC and snow water equivalent (SWE). Our analyses showed that the spatial distributions of anthropogenic BC emission flux, total precipitable water, and topography strongly influenced latitudinal variations of CMBC, BC size distributions, SWE, and DEPMBC. The average size distributions of BC in Arctic snowpack shifted to smaller sizes with decreasing CMBC due to an increase in the removal efficiency of larger BC particles during transport from major sources. Our measurements of CMBC were lower by a factor of ~13 than previous measurements made with an Integrating Sphere/Integrating Sandwich spectrophotometer due mainly to interference from coexisting non-BC particles such as mineral dust. The SP2 data presented here will be useful for constraining climate models that estimate the effects of BC on the Arctic climate.
KW - Arctic
KW - black carbon
KW - deposition
KW - inorganic aerosols
KW - single-particle soot photometer
KW - snow water equivalent
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U2 - 10.1029/2019JD030623
DO - 10.1029/2019JD030623
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85076772966
SN - 2169-897X
VL - 124
SP - 13325
EP - 13356
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
IS - 23
ER -
