Clinicopathological significance of galectin-3 expression in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

Purpose: Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family, has multiple biological functions including cell-cell interactions and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of galectin-3 expression to clinicopathological findings and patient prognosis in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Experimental Design: We examined galectin-3 expression in 104 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases with stages I through IV using immunohistochemistry and investigated the relationship of it to overall survival. Results: Patients were divided into two groups: a low expression group, where <60% of tumor cells were positive; and a high expression group, where ≥60% of tumor cells were positive. Cases in the low expression group had a significant tendency to be at later stages, to have distant metastasis, and to have less differentiated tumors, compared with cases in the high expression group (P = 0.001 for stage, P = 0.001 for metastasis, and P = 0.006 for differentiation). Postoperative overall survival was worse in the low galectin-3 expression group than in the high galectin-3 expression group (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk ratio of prognosis was 2.06 among patients in the low galectin-3 expression group compared with the high galectin-3 expression group (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Decreased expression of galectin-3 was associated with advanced stage, tumor de-differentiation, and metastasis in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Galectin-3 expression might be a useful prognostic marker for survival in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.