Deconfinement transition and black holes

In this paper we propose an effective description of the transition to deconfinement in the vicinity of a black hole. For this we adapt the approach that uses the dual quark condensate as order parameter for confinement, originally introduced in the context of lattice QCD, to a strongly interacting fermion effective field theory propagating on a curved background. We construct numerically the dual condensate and determine approximately the region of the deconfined phase. The present analysis suggests that quarks will be radiated directly by Hawking emission, while hadrons will form at the boundary of the deconfined region by "standard" nonperturbative QCD effects. This example provides a nontrivial setup to discuss how gravity affects confinement.