Dirac Cone Spin Polarization of Graphene by Magnetic Insulator Proximity Effect Probed with Outermost Surface Spin Spectroscopy

Seiji Sakai; Sergei V. Erohin; Zakhar I. Popov; Satoshi Haku; Takahiro Watanabe; Yoichi Yamada; Shiro Entani; Songtian Li; Pavel V. Avramov; Hiroshi Naramoto; Kazuya Ando; Pavel B. Sorokin; Yasushi Yamauchi

doi:10.1002/adfm.201800462

Dirac Cone Spin Polarization of Graphene by Magnetic Insulator Proximity Effect Probed with Outermost Surface Spin Spectroscopy

Seiji Sakai, Sergei V. Erohin, Zakhar I. Popov, Satoshi Haku, Takahiro Watanabe, Yoichi Yamada, Shiro Entani, Songtian Li, Pavel V. Avramov, Hiroshi Naramoto, Kazuya Ando, Pavel B. Sorokin, Yasushi Yamauchi

Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The effects of the proximity contact with magnetic insulator on the spin-dependent electronic structure of graphene are explored for the heterostructure of single-layer graphene (SLG) and yttrium iron garnet Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) by means of outermost surface spin spectroscopy using a spin-polarized metastable He atom beam. In the SLG/YIG heterostructure, the Dirac cone electrons of graphene are found to be negatively spin polarized in parallel to the minority spins of YIG with a large polarization degree, without giving rise to significant changes in the π band structure. Theoretical calculations reveal the electrostatic interfacial interactions providing a strong physical adhesion and the indirect exchange interaction causing the spin polarization of SLG at the interface with YIG. The Hall device of the SLG/YIG heterostructure exhibits a nonlinear Hall resistance attributable to the anomalous Hall effect, implying the extrinsic spin–orbit interactions as another manifestation of the proximity effect.

Original language	English
Article number	1800462
Journal	Advanced Functional Materials
Volume	28
Issue number	20
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201800462
Publication status	Published - 2018 May 16

Keywords

graphene spintronics
magnetic insulators
outermost surface spin spectroscopy
proximity effect
spin polarization

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Materials Science(all)
Condensed Matter Physics

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10.1002/adfm.201800462

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Sakai, S., Erohin, S. V., Popov, Z. I., Haku, S., Watanabe, T., Yamada, Y., Entani, S., Li, S., Avramov, P. V., Naramoto, H., Ando, K., Sorokin, P. B., & Yamauchi, Y. (2018). Dirac Cone Spin Polarization of Graphene by Magnetic Insulator Proximity Effect Probed with Outermost Surface Spin Spectroscopy. Advanced Functional Materials, 28(20), [1800462]. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201800462

Dirac Cone Spin Polarization of Graphene by Magnetic Insulator Proximity Effect Probed with Outermost Surface Spin Spectroscopy. / Sakai, Seiji; Erohin, Sergei V.; Popov, Zakhar I.; Haku, Satoshi; Watanabe, Takahiro; Yamada, Yoichi; Entani, Shiro; Li, Songtian; Avramov, Pavel V.; Naramoto, Hiroshi; Ando, Kazuya; Sorokin, Pavel B.; Yamauchi, Yasushi.

In: Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, No. 20, 1800462, 16.05.2018.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Sakai, S, Erohin, SV, Popov, ZI, Haku, S, Watanabe, T, Yamada, Y, Entani, S, Li, S, Avramov, PV, Naramoto, H, Ando, K, Sorokin, PB & Yamauchi, Y 2018, 'Dirac Cone Spin Polarization of Graphene by Magnetic Insulator Proximity Effect Probed with Outermost Surface Spin Spectroscopy', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 28, no. 20, 1800462. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201800462

Sakai, Seiji ; Erohin, Sergei V. ; Popov, Zakhar I. ; Haku, Satoshi ; Watanabe, Takahiro ; Yamada, Yoichi ; Entani, Shiro ; Li, Songtian ; Avramov, Pavel V. ; Naramoto, Hiroshi ; Ando, Kazuya ; Sorokin, Pavel B. ; Yamauchi, Yasushi. / Dirac Cone Spin Polarization of Graphene by Magnetic Insulator Proximity Effect Probed with Outermost Surface Spin Spectroscopy. In: Advanced Functional Materials. 2018 ; Vol. 28, No. 20.

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title = "Dirac Cone Spin Polarization of Graphene by Magnetic Insulator Proximity Effect Probed with Outermost Surface Spin Spectroscopy",

abstract = "The effects of the proximity contact with magnetic insulator on the spin-dependent electronic structure of graphene are explored for the heterostructure of single-layer graphene (SLG) and yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) by means of outermost surface spin spectroscopy using a spin-polarized metastable He atom beam. In the SLG/YIG heterostructure, the Dirac cone electrons of graphene are found to be negatively spin polarized in parallel to the minority spins of YIG with a large polarization degree, without giving rise to significant changes in the π band structure. Theoretical calculations reveal the electrostatic interfacial interactions providing a strong physical adhesion and the indirect exchange interaction causing the spin polarization of SLG at the interface with YIG. The Hall device of the SLG/YIG heterostructure exhibits a nonlinear Hall resistance attributable to the anomalous Hall effect, implying the extrinsic spin–orbit interactions as another manifestation of the proximity effect.",

keywords = "graphene spintronics, magnetic insulators, outermost surface spin spectroscopy, proximity effect, spin polarization",

author = "Seiji Sakai and Erohin, {Sergei V.} and Popov, {Zakhar I.} and Satoshi Haku and Takahiro Watanabe and Yoichi Yamada and Shiro Entani and Songtian Li and Avramov, {Pavel V.} and Hiroshi Naramoto and Kazuya Ando and Sorokin, {Pavel B.} and Yasushi Yamauchi",

note = "Funding Information: S.V.E and Z.I.P. contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to thank to Dr. Atsuo Kawasuso (QST), Dr. Yuki Fukaya (JAEA), Dr. Liubov Antipina (TISNCM), Dr. Majumdar Sayani (Aalto University), and the members of QST for fruitful discussion. This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Nos. 16H03875 and 17H07376). S.V.E, Z.I.P, P.B.S, S.E, and S.S gratefully acknowledge the financial supports of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST “MISiS” (No. K2-2017-001). P.B.S. acknowledges the financial support of the RFBR, according to the research project No. 16-32-60138 mol_a_dk. The authors are grateful to supercomputer cluster NUST “MISiS” provided by Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory (supported via the Grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 14.Y26.31.0005) and to the Joint Supercomputer Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. P.V.A. acknowledges National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea for support under grantNRF-2017R1A2B4004440.",

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AU - Sakai, Seiji

AU - Erohin, Sergei V.

AU - Popov, Zakhar I.

AU - Haku, Satoshi

AU - Watanabe, Takahiro

AU - Yamada, Yoichi

AU - Entani, Shiro

AU - Li, Songtian

AU - Avramov, Pavel V.

AU - Naramoto, Hiroshi

AU - Ando, Kazuya

AU - Sorokin, Pavel B.

AU - Yamauchi, Yasushi

N1 - Funding Information: S.V.E and Z.I.P. contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to thank to Dr. Atsuo Kawasuso (QST), Dr. Yuki Fukaya (JAEA), Dr. Liubov Antipina (TISNCM), Dr. Majumdar Sayani (Aalto University), and the members of QST for fruitful discussion. This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Nos. 16H03875 and 17H07376). S.V.E, Z.I.P, P.B.S, S.E, and S.S gratefully acknowledge the financial supports of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST “MISiS” (No. K2-2017-001). P.B.S. acknowledges the financial support of the RFBR, according to the research project No. 16-32-60138 mol_a_dk. The authors are grateful to supercomputer cluster NUST “MISiS” provided by Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory (supported via the Grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 14.Y26.31.0005) and to the Joint Supercomputer Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. P.V.A. acknowledges National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea for support under grantNRF-2017R1A2B4004440.

PY - 2018/5/16

Y1 - 2018/5/16

N2 - The effects of the proximity contact with magnetic insulator on the spin-dependent electronic structure of graphene are explored for the heterostructure of single-layer graphene (SLG) and yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) by means of outermost surface spin spectroscopy using a spin-polarized metastable He atom beam. In the SLG/YIG heterostructure, the Dirac cone electrons of graphene are found to be negatively spin polarized in parallel to the minority spins of YIG with a large polarization degree, without giving rise to significant changes in the π band structure. Theoretical calculations reveal the electrostatic interfacial interactions providing a strong physical adhesion and the indirect exchange interaction causing the spin polarization of SLG at the interface with YIG. The Hall device of the SLG/YIG heterostructure exhibits a nonlinear Hall resistance attributable to the anomalous Hall effect, implying the extrinsic spin–orbit interactions as another manifestation of the proximity effect.

AB - The effects of the proximity contact with magnetic insulator on the spin-dependent electronic structure of graphene are explored for the heterostructure of single-layer graphene (SLG) and yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) by means of outermost surface spin spectroscopy using a spin-polarized metastable He atom beam. In the SLG/YIG heterostructure, the Dirac cone electrons of graphene are found to be negatively spin polarized in parallel to the minority spins of YIG with a large polarization degree, without giving rise to significant changes in the π band structure. Theoretical calculations reveal the electrostatic interfacial interactions providing a strong physical adhesion and the indirect exchange interaction causing the spin polarization of SLG at the interface with YIG. The Hall device of the SLG/YIG heterostructure exhibits a nonlinear Hall resistance attributable to the anomalous Hall effect, implying the extrinsic spin–orbit interactions as another manifestation of the proximity effect.

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