Discrete midpoint convexity

For a function defined on the integer lattice, we consider discrete versions of midpoint convexity, which offer a unifying framework for discrete convexity of functions, including integral convexity, L-convexity, and submodularity. By considering discrete midpoint convexity for all pairs at ℓ_∞-distance equal to 2 or not smaller than 2, we identify new classes of discrete convex functions, called locally and globally discrete midpoint convex functions. These functions enjoy nice structural properties. They are stable under scaling and addition and satisfy a family of inequalities named parallelogram inequalities. Furthermore, they admit a proximity theorem with the same small proximity bound as that for L-convex functions. These structural properties allow us to develop an algorithm for the minimization of locally and globally discrete midpoint convex functions based on the proximity-scaling approach and on a novel 2-neighborhood steepest descent algorithm.