Effects of design parameters of osseointegrated implant on stress distribution in jaw bone

Finite element analyses were performed to study effects on stress distribution generated in jaw bone for various shapes of dental implants: plateau type, plateau with small radius of curvature, triangular thread screw type in accordance with ISO regulations, square thread screw type in accordance with ISO regulations and square thread screw filleted with small radius partially. It was found that square thread screw filleted with small radius was more effective on stress distribution than other dental implants used in analyses. Additional analyses were performed on the implant with square thread screw filleted with small radius for varying design parameters, such as the width of thread end, the height of the thread of the implant and load direction, to determine the optimum dimensions of the implant. The highest stress concentration occurred at the region in jaw bone adjacent to the first thread of the implant. The maximum effective stress induced by a 15 degree oblique load of 100 N was twice as high as the maximum effective stress caused by an equal amount of vertical load. Stress distribution was more effective in the case when the width of thread end and the height of thread were p/2 and 0.46p, respectively, where p is the pitch of thread. At last, using tensile force calculated from the possible insert torque without breaking bone thread, finite element analysis was performed on the implant to calculate pre-stress when the primary fixation of the implant was operated in jaw bone. The maximum effective stress was 136.8 MPa which was proven to be safe.