Abstract
In animal walking, the gravitational potential and kinetic energy of the center of mass (COM) fluctuates out-of-phase to reduce the energetic cost of locomotion via an inverted pendulum mechanism, and, in canine quadrupedal walking, up to 70% of the mechanical energy can be recovered. However, the rate of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in primates has been reported to be comparatively lower. The present study analyzed fluctuations in the potential and kinetic energy of the COM during quadrupedal walking in the Japanese macaque to clarify the mechanisms underlying this inefficient utilization of the inverted pendulum mechanism in primates. Monkeys walked on a wooden walkway at a self-selected speed, and ground reaction forces were measured, using a force platform, to calculate patterns of mechanical energy fluctuation and rates of energy recovery. Our results demonstrated that rates of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques were approximately 30-50%, much smaller than those reported for dogs. Comparisons of the patterns of mechanical energy fluctuation suggested that the potential and kinetic energies oscillated relatively more in-phase, and amplitudes did not attain near equality during quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques, possibly because of greater weight support (reaction force) of the hindlimbs and more protracted forelimbs at touchdown in the Japanese macaque, two of the three commonly accepted locomotor characteristics distinguishing primates from non-primate mammals.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 41-48 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Primates |
| Volume | 53 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2012 Jan |
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Keywords
- Ground reaction force
- Locomotion
- Macaca fuscata
- Mechanical energy
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Animal Science and Zoology
Cite this
Inefficient use of inverted pendulum mechanism during quadrupedal walking in the Japanese macaque. / Ogihara, Naomichi; Makishima, Haruyuki; Hirasaki, Eishi; Nakatsukasa, Masato.
In: Primates, Vol. 53, No. 1, 01.2012, p. 41-48.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Inefficient use of inverted pendulum mechanism during quadrupedal walking in the Japanese macaque
AU - Ogihara, Naomichi
AU - Makishima, Haruyuki
AU - Hirasaki, Eishi
AU - Nakatsukasa, Masato
PY - 2012/1
Y1 - 2012/1
N2 - In animal walking, the gravitational potential and kinetic energy of the center of mass (COM) fluctuates out-of-phase to reduce the energetic cost of locomotion via an inverted pendulum mechanism, and, in canine quadrupedal walking, up to 70% of the mechanical energy can be recovered. However, the rate of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in primates has been reported to be comparatively lower. The present study analyzed fluctuations in the potential and kinetic energy of the COM during quadrupedal walking in the Japanese macaque to clarify the mechanisms underlying this inefficient utilization of the inverted pendulum mechanism in primates. Monkeys walked on a wooden walkway at a self-selected speed, and ground reaction forces were measured, using a force platform, to calculate patterns of mechanical energy fluctuation and rates of energy recovery. Our results demonstrated that rates of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques were approximately 30-50%, much smaller than those reported for dogs. Comparisons of the patterns of mechanical energy fluctuation suggested that the potential and kinetic energies oscillated relatively more in-phase, and amplitudes did not attain near equality during quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques, possibly because of greater weight support (reaction force) of the hindlimbs and more protracted forelimbs at touchdown in the Japanese macaque, two of the three commonly accepted locomotor characteristics distinguishing primates from non-primate mammals.
AB - In animal walking, the gravitational potential and kinetic energy of the center of mass (COM) fluctuates out-of-phase to reduce the energetic cost of locomotion via an inverted pendulum mechanism, and, in canine quadrupedal walking, up to 70% of the mechanical energy can be recovered. However, the rate of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in primates has been reported to be comparatively lower. The present study analyzed fluctuations in the potential and kinetic energy of the COM during quadrupedal walking in the Japanese macaque to clarify the mechanisms underlying this inefficient utilization of the inverted pendulum mechanism in primates. Monkeys walked on a wooden walkway at a self-selected speed, and ground reaction forces were measured, using a force platform, to calculate patterns of mechanical energy fluctuation and rates of energy recovery. Our results demonstrated that rates of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques were approximately 30-50%, much smaller than those reported for dogs. Comparisons of the patterns of mechanical energy fluctuation suggested that the potential and kinetic energies oscillated relatively more in-phase, and amplitudes did not attain near equality during quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques, possibly because of greater weight support (reaction force) of the hindlimbs and more protracted forelimbs at touchdown in the Japanese macaque, two of the three commonly accepted locomotor characteristics distinguishing primates from non-primate mammals.
KW - Ground reaction force
KW - Locomotion
KW - Macaca fuscata
KW - Mechanical energy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84855511768&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84855511768&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10329-011-0265-3
DO - 10.1007/s10329-011-0265-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 21874286
AN - SCOPUS:84855511768
VL - 53
SP - 41
EP - 48
JO - Primates
JF - Primates
SN - 0032-8332
IS - 1
ER -