TY - JOUR
T1 - Intracarotid injection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces neuroprotection in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model
AU - Nakagawa, Toru
AU - Suga, Sadao
AU - Kawase, Takeshi
AU - Toda, Masahiro
PY - 2006/5/17
Y1 - 2006/5/17
N2 - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was found to promote collateral flow in patients with coronary artery disease and also to induce arteriogenesis in a rat hypoperfusion brain model. Activated macrophages have been shown to induce vascular proliferation and play an important role in ischemic stroke. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effect of GM-CSF on the ischemic brain by activating microglia/macrophages. Rats were subjected to 1-h intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and received an intracarotid injection of GM-CSF (5 ng) or saline immediately after reperfusion. Infarct volume, neurological function and histological findings were assessed 48 h later. An intracarotid injection of GM-CSF reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological function at 48 h after reperfusion. Histological analysis revealed that the number of activated microglia/macrophages to be increased and the number of apoptotic cells to be decreased in the area of the penumbra. These results suggest that intracarotid injection of GM-CSF may have a therapeutic effect on brain ischemia via activation of microglia/macrophages.
AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was found to promote collateral flow in patients with coronary artery disease and also to induce arteriogenesis in a rat hypoperfusion brain model. Activated macrophages have been shown to induce vascular proliferation and play an important role in ischemic stroke. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effect of GM-CSF on the ischemic brain by activating microglia/macrophages. Rats were subjected to 1-h intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and received an intracarotid injection of GM-CSF (5 ng) or saline immediately after reperfusion. Infarct volume, neurological function and histological findings were assessed 48 h later. An intracarotid injection of GM-CSF reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological function at 48 h after reperfusion. Histological analysis revealed that the number of activated microglia/macrophages to be increased and the number of apoptotic cells to be decreased in the area of the penumbra. These results suggest that intracarotid injection of GM-CSF may have a therapeutic effect on brain ischemia via activation of microglia/macrophages.
KW - GM-CSF
KW - Intracarotid injection
KW - MCAO
KW - Microglia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33646767480&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33646767480&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.059
DO - 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.059
M3 - Article
C2 - 16678804
AN - SCOPUS:33646767480
VL - 1089
SP - 179
EP - 185
JO - Molecular Brain Research
JF - Molecular Brain Research
SN - 0006-8993
IS - 1
ER -