TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating Usability and User Experience of Individually Verifiable Internet Voting Schemes
AU - Marky, Karola
AU - Zollinger, Marie Laure
AU - Roenne, Peter
AU - Ryan, Peter Y.A.
AU - Grube, Tim
AU - Kunze, Kai
N1 - Funding Information:
This research work has been co-funded by the Horst Görtz Foundation, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 251805230/GRK 2050, and by JST CREST Grant No. JPMJCR16E1. Further, the research was co-funded by the BMBF and the Hessen State Ministry for Higher Education, Research and the Arts within their joint support of the National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE. Authors’ addresses: K. Marky, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 10, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany, University of Glasgow, 18 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom; email: karola.marky@glasgow.ac.uk; M.-L. Zollinger, P. Roenne, and P. Y. A. Ryan, University of Luxembourg, Maison du Nombre 6, Avenue de la Fonte, L-4364, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; emails: {marie-laure.zollinger, peter.roenne.zollinger, peter.ryan}@uni.lu; T. Grube, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 10, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; email: grube@tk.tu-darmstadt.de; K. Kunze, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8526, Japan; email: kai@kmd.keio.ac.jp. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. © 2021 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM. 1073-0516/2021/08-ART30 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3459604
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Internet voting can afford more inclusive and inexpensive elections. The flip side is that the integrity of the election can be compromised by adversarial attacks and malfunctioning voting infrastructure. Individual verifiability aims to protect against such risks by letting voters verify that their votes are correctly registered in the electronic ballot box. Therefore, voters need to carry out additional tasks making human factors crucial for security. In this article, we establish a categorization of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes based on voter interactions. For each category in our proposed categorization, we evaluate a voting scheme in a user study with a total of 100 participants. In our study, we assessed usability, user experience, trust, and further qualitative data to gain deeper insights into voting schemes. Based on our results, we conclude with recommendations for developers and policymakers to inform the choices and design of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes.
AB - Internet voting can afford more inclusive and inexpensive elections. The flip side is that the integrity of the election can be compromised by adversarial attacks and malfunctioning voting infrastructure. Individual verifiability aims to protect against such risks by letting voters verify that their votes are correctly registered in the electronic ballot box. Therefore, voters need to carry out additional tasks making human factors crucial for security. In this article, we establish a categorization of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes based on voter interactions. For each category in our proposed categorization, we evaluate a voting scheme in a user study with a total of 100 participants. In our study, we assessed usability, user experience, trust, and further qualitative data to gain deeper insights into voting schemes. Based on our results, we conclude with recommendations for developers and policymakers to inform the choices and design of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes.
KW - E-Voting
KW - Internet voting
KW - human factors
KW - individual verifiability
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114486795&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1145/3459604
DO - 10.1145/3459604
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85114486795
SN - 1073-0516
VL - 28
JO - ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
JF - ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
IS - 5
M1 - 3459604
ER -