@article{839898a0d2c44eceabcc1c6e4b2549c2,
title = "Legacies of Vietnam's imperial examinations, 1075–1919: More investment in education and better educational outcomes",
abstract = "This study measures the impact of the number of people who passed the Vietnamese imperial examinations (1075–1919) on the present-day quantity and quality of education in their home districts. Our analyses at the district and individual levels are based mainly on the data of successful imperial test takers, the 2009 population census, and 2009 National Entrance Exams to University test scores. We find a persistent legacy in educational attainment outcomes. Although there may be multiple channels that explain the long-term historical effects, a tradition of human capital investment and cultural elements are among the most important factors.",
keywords = "Education, Historical legacy, Human capital, Imperial examination, Vietnam",
author = "Vu, {Tien Manh} and Hiroyuki Yamada",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18K12784, 18K01580, 19H00619, 20H01506, 21K01455, and 22K18534 and project grants from the Asian Growth Research Institute, Kyushu University, and Keio Gijuku Academic Development Funds . Funding Information: This work was supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18K12784, 18K01580, 19H00619, 20H01506, 21K01455, and 22K18534 and project grants from the Asian Growth Research Institute, Kyushu University, and Keio Gijuku Academic Development Funds. We thank the editor, Timur Kuran, and two anonymous referees for their invaluable suggestions. We are grateful to the participants of the 2021 Asian Meeting of the Econometric Society, Asian and Australasian Society of Labour Economics 2021 Conference for their useful comments and suggestions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1016/j.jce.2022.09.004",
language = "English",
journal = "Journal of Comparative Economics",
issn = "0147-5967",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}