Lipid and lipoprotein profile of Japanese centenarians - High prevalence of hypo β lipoproteinemia

To study the relationship between lipids and longevity, we examined the level of serum lipids and apolipoproteins, and the susceptibility of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation of 45 centenarians (15 men, 30 women, mean age 101.1 ± 1.4) living in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The average levels of total cholesterol (TC), of LDL-C of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and of apolipoproteins A1 and B were significantly lower in centenarians than in healthy middle-aged controls. The frequency of hypobeta-lipoproteinemia (apoB<60 mg/dl) in centenarians was almost ten times as high as in controls. The time course of copper-mediated LDL oxidation (assessed by monitoring 234 nm diene absorption (lag time)) did not significantly differe between the two groups. Analysis of LDL subfractions by non-denaturated gradient-gel electrophoresis showed a predominance of large, buoyant LDL particles (pattern A) in 75%, and a predominance of small dense LDL particles (pattern B) in 25% of centenarians. We also assessed activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive function in the centenarians. Centenarians were divided into two groups according to the median ADL score, and were classified into five groups with a scale clinical dementia. In subjects with good ADL scores, the mean concentration of HDL3-C was significantly higher than in those with poor ADL scores. Average levels of HDL-C were also significantly lower in subjects with moderate or severe dementia than in those with normal cognitive function. These finding suggest that centenarians have protective phenotypes of lipids and lipoproteins that protect them from abterosclerosis.