Long-term survivors with pN2 non-small cell lung cancer after a complete resection with a systematic mediastinal node dissection

Objective: A substantial number of surgical patients with pN2 disease have survived longer than 5 years without any evidence of recurrence, although the surgical indications for those patients remain controversial. The present study was performed in order to clarify the clinical characteristics of the long-term survivors with pN2 disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 111 patients with pN2 disease who had undergone a complete resection with a systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection from 1974 through 1991. Results: Of the 111 patients with pN2 disease, 20 survived longer than 5 years after a surgical resection. When both the pre- and postoperative conditions were compared between the long- term survivors and the others, the long-term survivors were characterized by significantly higher proportions of cN0 disease (P = 0.031), pT1 disease (P = 0.004), skip metastasis without hilar node metastasis (P = 0.028), and metastasis of a single mediastinal station (0.044). Of those characteristics, only the likelihood of having cN0 disease could be pre-operatively determined. The survival rate of such a population with cN0-pN2 disease was 34.5% at 5 years and 29.6% at 10 years after a complete resection, respectively. Conclusions: Pathologic N2 patients with some favorable prognostic factors can survive long-term after a complete resection combined with a systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection. At present, due to the lack of any effective adjuvant therapy, a systematic mediastinal node dissection should be routinely performed even in patients with cNO disease.