TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling Transition Metals in East Asia and Japan and Its Emission Sources
AU - Kajino, Mizuo
AU - Hagino, Hiroyuki
AU - Fujitani, Yuji
AU - Morikawa, Tazuko
AU - Fukui, Tetsuo
AU - Onishi, Kazunari
AU - Okuda, Tomoaki
AU - Kajikawa, Tomoki
AU - Igarashi, Yasuhito
N1 - Funding Information:
The current research was mainly supported by the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (ERCA) (5-1605). It was also supported by the Fundamental Research Budget of MRI (M5 and P5) and the Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU Program) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology Japan (MEXT) and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS) (KAKENHI grant no. JP19H01155). The authors thank Prof. Kazuichi Hayakawa of Kanazawa University for useful comments on the importance of quinones and thank Mr. Takuya Kishikawa of the University of Tsukuba for the data handling.
Funding Information:
The current research was mainly supported by the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (ERCA) (5‐1605). It was also supported by the Fundamental Research Budget of MRI (M5 and P5) and the Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU Program) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology Japan (MEXT) and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS) (KAKENHI grant no. JP19H01155). The authors thank Prof. Kazuichi Hayakawa of Kanazawa University for useful comments on the importance of quinones and thank Mr. Takuya Kishikawa of the University of Tsukuba for the data handling.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020. The Authors.
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - Emission inventories of anthropogenic transition metals, which contribute to aerosol oxidative potential (OP), in Asia (Δx = 0.25°, monthly, 2000–2008) and Japan (Δx = 2 km, hourly, mainly 2012) were developed, based on bottom-up inventories of particulate matters and metal profiles in a speciation database for particulate matters. The new inventories are named Transition Metal Inventory (TMI)-Asia v1.0 and TMI-Japan v1.0, respectively. It includes 10 transition metals in PM2.5 and PM10, which contributed to OP based on reagent experiments, namely, Cu, Mn, Co, V, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The contributions of sectors in the transition metals emission in Japan were also investigated. Road brakes and iron-steel industry are primary sources, followed by other metal industry, navigation, incineration, power plants, and railway. In order to validate the emission inventory, eight elements such as Cu, Mn, V, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cr in anthropogenic dust and those in mineral dust were simulated over East Asia and Japan with Δx = 30 km and Δx = 5 km domains, respectively, and compared against the nation-wide seasonal observations of PM2.5 elements in Japan and the long-term continuous observations of total suspended particles (TSPs) at Yonago, Japan in 2013. Most of the simulated elements generally agreed with the observations, while Cu and Pb were significantly overestimated. This is the first comprehensive study on the development and evaluation of emission inventory of OP active elements, but further improvement is needed.
AB - Emission inventories of anthropogenic transition metals, which contribute to aerosol oxidative potential (OP), in Asia (Δx = 0.25°, monthly, 2000–2008) and Japan (Δx = 2 km, hourly, mainly 2012) were developed, based on bottom-up inventories of particulate matters and metal profiles in a speciation database for particulate matters. The new inventories are named Transition Metal Inventory (TMI)-Asia v1.0 and TMI-Japan v1.0, respectively. It includes 10 transition metals in PM2.5 and PM10, which contributed to OP based on reagent experiments, namely, Cu, Mn, Co, V, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The contributions of sectors in the transition metals emission in Japan were also investigated. Road brakes and iron-steel industry are primary sources, followed by other metal industry, navigation, incineration, power plants, and railway. In order to validate the emission inventory, eight elements such as Cu, Mn, V, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cr in anthropogenic dust and those in mineral dust were simulated over East Asia and Japan with Δx = 30 km and Δx = 5 km domains, respectively, and compared against the nation-wide seasonal observations of PM2.5 elements in Japan and the long-term continuous observations of total suspended particles (TSPs) at Yonago, Japan in 2013. Most of the simulated elements generally agreed with the observations, while Cu and Pb were significantly overestimated. This is the first comprehensive study on the development and evaluation of emission inventory of OP active elements, but further improvement is needed.
KW - East Asia
KW - Japan
KW - emission inventory
KW - numerical modeling
KW - oxidative potential
KW - transition metals
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U2 - 10.1029/2020GH000259
DO - 10.1029/2020GH000259
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85091531412
SN - 2471-1403
VL - 4
JO - GeoHealth
JF - GeoHealth
IS - 9
M1 - e2020GH000259
ER -
