Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive obligate anaerobic pathogen that causes pseudomembranous colitis in antibiotics-treated individuals. However, host immune protective mechanisms against C. difficile are largely unknown. In this study, we show that C. difficile possesses potent stimulatory activity for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1), an intracellular pattern recognition molecule that senses bacterial peptidoglycan-related molecules. Nod1-/-, but not Nod2-/-, mice exhibited increased lethality in response to C. difficile intestinal infection despite comparable levels of intestinal damage and epithelial permeability in Nod1-/- and control mice. The enhanced lethality was accompanied by impaired C. difficile clearance, increased bacterial translocation, and elevated levels of endotoxin and IL-1β in the serum of Nod1-/- mice. Histological and flow cytometric analyses revealed that Nod1-/- mice had defective recruitment of neutrophils, but not macrophages, to the intestine after C. difficile infection. The reduced recruitment of neutrophils correlated with impaired production of CXCL1, but not CCL2, XCL1, and other cytokines/ chemokines, in infected Nod1-/- mice. The influx of neutrophils also was reduced when C. difficile was administered i.p., suggesting that Nod1 directly recognizes C. difficile to induce the recruitment of neutrophils to the infected site. These results indicate that Nod1 regulates host susceptibility to C. difficile and suggest that Nod1-mediated neutrophil recruitment is an important immune response against the enteric pathogen.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 4872-4880 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Immunology |
| Volume | 186 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2011 Apr 15 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology
Cite this
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 mediates recognition of Clostridium difficile and induces neutrophil recruitment and protection against the pathogen. / Hasegawa, Mizuho; Yamazaki, Takashi; Kamada, Nobuhiko; Tawaratsumida, Kazuki; Kim, Yungi; Núñez, Gabriel; Inohara, Naohiro.
In: Journal of Immunology, Vol. 186, No. 8, 15.04.2011, p. 4872-4880.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 mediates recognition of Clostridium difficile and induces neutrophil recruitment and protection against the pathogen
AU - Hasegawa, Mizuho
AU - Yamazaki, Takashi
AU - Kamada, Nobuhiko
AU - Tawaratsumida, Kazuki
AU - Kim, Yungi
AU - Núñez, Gabriel
AU - Inohara, Naohiro
PY - 2011/4/15
Y1 - 2011/4/15
N2 - Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive obligate anaerobic pathogen that causes pseudomembranous colitis in antibiotics-treated individuals. However, host immune protective mechanisms against C. difficile are largely unknown. In this study, we show that C. difficile possesses potent stimulatory activity for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1), an intracellular pattern recognition molecule that senses bacterial peptidoglycan-related molecules. Nod1-/-, but not Nod2-/-, mice exhibited increased lethality in response to C. difficile intestinal infection despite comparable levels of intestinal damage and epithelial permeability in Nod1-/- and control mice. The enhanced lethality was accompanied by impaired C. difficile clearance, increased bacterial translocation, and elevated levels of endotoxin and IL-1β in the serum of Nod1-/- mice. Histological and flow cytometric analyses revealed that Nod1-/- mice had defective recruitment of neutrophils, but not macrophages, to the intestine after C. difficile infection. The reduced recruitment of neutrophils correlated with impaired production of CXCL1, but not CCL2, XCL1, and other cytokines/ chemokines, in infected Nod1-/- mice. The influx of neutrophils also was reduced when C. difficile was administered i.p., suggesting that Nod1 directly recognizes C. difficile to induce the recruitment of neutrophils to the infected site. These results indicate that Nod1 regulates host susceptibility to C. difficile and suggest that Nod1-mediated neutrophil recruitment is an important immune response against the enteric pathogen.
AB - Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive obligate anaerobic pathogen that causes pseudomembranous colitis in antibiotics-treated individuals. However, host immune protective mechanisms against C. difficile are largely unknown. In this study, we show that C. difficile possesses potent stimulatory activity for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1), an intracellular pattern recognition molecule that senses bacterial peptidoglycan-related molecules. Nod1-/-, but not Nod2-/-, mice exhibited increased lethality in response to C. difficile intestinal infection despite comparable levels of intestinal damage and epithelial permeability in Nod1-/- and control mice. The enhanced lethality was accompanied by impaired C. difficile clearance, increased bacterial translocation, and elevated levels of endotoxin and IL-1β in the serum of Nod1-/- mice. Histological and flow cytometric analyses revealed that Nod1-/- mice had defective recruitment of neutrophils, but not macrophages, to the intestine after C. difficile infection. The reduced recruitment of neutrophils correlated with impaired production of CXCL1, but not CCL2, XCL1, and other cytokines/ chemokines, in infected Nod1-/- mice. The influx of neutrophils also was reduced when C. difficile was administered i.p., suggesting that Nod1 directly recognizes C. difficile to induce the recruitment of neutrophils to the infected site. These results indicate that Nod1 regulates host susceptibility to C. difficile and suggest that Nod1-mediated neutrophil recruitment is an important immune response against the enteric pathogen.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79955048935&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.4049/jimmunol.1003761
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.1003761
M3 - Article
C2 - 21411735
AN - SCOPUS:79955048935
VL - 186
SP - 4872
EP - 4880
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
SN - 0022-1767
IS - 8
ER -