@inproceedings{0ec9d2d64b9e40d1abbb80ffcb4c4454,
title = "Organic primitives: Synthesis and design of pH-reactive materials using molecular I/O for sensing, actuation, and interaction",
abstract = "In this paper we present Organic Primitives, an enabling toolbox that expands upon the library of input-output devices in HCI and facilitates the design of interactions with organic, fluid-based systems. We formulated color, odor and shape changing material primitives which act as sensor-actuators that convert pH signals into human-readable outputs. Food-grade organic molecules anthocyanin, vanillin, and chitosan were employed as dopants to synthesize materials which output a spectrum of colors, degrees of shape deformation, and switch between odorous and non-odorous states. We evaluated the individual output properties of our sensor-actuators to assess the rate, range, and reversibility of the changes as a function of pH 2-10. We present a design space with techniques for enhancing the functionality of the material primitives, and offer passive and computational methods for controlling the material interfaces. Finally, we explore applications enabled by Organic Primitives under four contexts: environmental, cosmetic, edible, and interspecies.",
keywords = "Chemical sensing, Color, Droplets, Edible materials, Microfluidics, Molecular design interactions, Multi-modal output, Odor, Programmable food, Shape change, pH-reactive",
author = "Viirj Kan and Emma Vargo and Noa Machover and Hiroshi Ishii and Serena Pan and Weixuan Chen and Yasuaki Kakehi",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 ACM.; 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2017 ; Conference date: 06-05-2017 Through 11-05-2017",
year = "2017",
month = may,
day = "2",
doi = "10.1145/3025453.3025952",
language = "English",
series = "Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings",
publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery",
pages = "989--1000",
booktitle = "CHI 2017 - Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems",
}