@inproceedings{fde43a34149a474d9cbfaabd198cea23,
title = "Physical modeling of face using spring frame based on anatomical data",
abstract = "We have proposed a new physical model of a human face which has a three dimensional structure of skin, skull, and muscles based on anatomical data. The skin and the skull models are constructed from CT scanned data, and the facial muscles were placed between them based on anatomical knowledge. In regards to the skin and muscle models, spring frames were used to simulate the elastic dynamics of real facial skin and muscles. Modification of facial expressions can be flexibly realized by two factors: the expansion and contraction of non-linear springs and the motion of the jaw. Using this model, we can predict facial modifications under given conditions for muscles and the skull. Furthermore, our method is effective not only for synthesizing natural facial images, but also for analyzing the relationship between facial expressions and muscles.",
keywords = "CT scanned data, Muscle model, Physical modeling of face, Skin model, Skull model, Spring frame",
author = "Yoshimitsu Aoki and Shuji Hashimoto",
year = "1997",
month = jan,
day = "1",
language = "English",
series = "Multimedia Modeling, MMM 1997 - Modeling Multimedia Information and Systems",
publisher = "World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd",
pages = "339--354",
editor = "Keng, {Pung Hung} and Seng, {Chua Tat}",
booktitle = "Multimedia Modeling, MMM 1997 - Modeling Multimedia Information and Systems",
note = "4th International Conference on Multi-Media Modeling, MMM 1997 ; Conference date: 17-11-1997 Through 20-11-1997",
}