Predictors of depression in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A literature review

Aim: This study identified the factors associated with depression in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We searched the literature using PubMed and CINAHL from their inception in 1946 to December 2014. The search terms were "myocardial infarction," "depression," and "percutaneous coronary intervention." Studies which investigated factors associated with depression in patients diagnosed with MI who underwent typical medical procedures were searched. Results: Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. None of these limited their samples to patients with MI who underwent PCI. Twenty-one factors were identified as possible risk factors for depression in patients who were diagnosed with MI and underwent PCI: gender; negative illness beliefs; neuroticism; autonomy; baseline depression scores; previous diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or stress; smoking; marital status; Type D personality; procedure; length of hospital stay; fat intake; functional disability; time engaged in physical activity; social support; and a history of angina, MI, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, PCI, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. Conclusions: This review suggests that these 21 factors should be considered in future studies as possible independent variables or covariates of depression among MI patients who have undergone PCI.