TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of dry eye disease and its risk factors in visual display terminal users
T2 - The Osaka study
AU - Uchino, Miki
AU - Yokoi, Norihiko
AU - Uchino, Yuichi
AU - Dogru, Murat
AU - Kawashima, Motoko
AU - Komuro, Aoi
AU - Sonomura, Yukiko
AU - Kato, Hiroaki
AU - Kinoshita, Shigeru
AU - Schaumberg, Debra A.
AU - Tsubota, Kazuo
N1 - Funding Information:
All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. The authors make the following disclosures: Norihiko Yokoi: consultant for Kissei Co, Ltd, and Rohto Co, Ltd; Shigeru Kinoshita: consultant for Santen Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd; Debra A. Schaumberg: consultant for Eleven Biotherapeutics, Pfizer, Inc, Alcon, Inc, Allergan, Inc, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, and Resolvyx; Kazuo Tsubota: consultant for Santen Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Acu Focus, Inc, Bausch Lomb Surgical, Pfizer, and Thea. This study was supported by a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare , the Ministry of Education , Science , Sports and Culture , and Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 2279192, 2010. Provision of facilities, transport of equipment, data analysis, and data management were supported by Santen Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd , Osaka, Japan. The funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research. The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article. Contributions of authors: conception and design of study (M.U., N.Y., Y.U., M.D., M.K., S.K., D.S., K.T.); analysis and interpretation (M.U., M.D., D.S.); writing the article (M.U., N.Y., Y.U., M.D., M.K., D.S.); critical revision of the article (M.U., N.Y., Y.U., M.D.); final approval of the article (M.U., N.Y., Y.U., M.D., M.K., A.K., Y.S., H.K., S.K., D.A., K.T.); data collection (M.U., N.Y., Y.U., M.D., M.K., A.K., Y.S., H.K.); provision of materials, patients, or resources (M.U., Y.U., N.Y., M.D.); statistical expertise (M.U., N.Y., Y.U.); literature search (M.U., N.Y., Y.U., M.D., D.S.); and administrative, technical, or logistical support (M.U., N.Y., Y.U., M.D., M.K., S.K., D.S., K.T.).
PY - 2013/10
Y1 - 2013/10
N2 - Purpose To investigate tear function and prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in visual display terminal (VDT) users. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Six hundred and seventy-two young and middle-aged Japanese office workers who used VDT completed questionnaires and underwent dry eye testing. We estimated the prevalence of DED using logistic regression analysis to examine associations between DED and possible risk factors. The ocular surface feature, prevalence of DED, and risk factors were evaluated. Results Of the 672 workers, 561 (83.5%, mean age: 43.3 ± 9.1 years) completed the questionnaire. The percentage of women with a composite outcome of definite DED or probable DED was 76.5%, which was higher than that among men (60.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-3.10, P =.002). Workers over 30 years of age had a higher risk of DED (OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.06-4.66), as did workers using a VDT >8 hours per day (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.22-3.09). Average Schirmer value was 18.7 ± 11.7 mm and tear break-up time (TBUT) was 4.0 ± 2.5 seconds (78.6% of study participants had TBUT ≤5 seconds). Conclusions DED is prevalent among young to middle-aged Japanese VDT users. Ophthalmic findings revealed short TBUT and corneal staining accompanied by normal Schirmer test values. Increased risk for DED was noted for women aged over 30 years and prolonged VDT use. Measures to modify the adverse impact of VDT use on the ocular surface may provide a positive impact on public health and quality of life for office workers using VDTs.
AB - Purpose To investigate tear function and prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in visual display terminal (VDT) users. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Six hundred and seventy-two young and middle-aged Japanese office workers who used VDT completed questionnaires and underwent dry eye testing. We estimated the prevalence of DED using logistic regression analysis to examine associations between DED and possible risk factors. The ocular surface feature, prevalence of DED, and risk factors were evaluated. Results Of the 672 workers, 561 (83.5%, mean age: 43.3 ± 9.1 years) completed the questionnaire. The percentage of women with a composite outcome of definite DED or probable DED was 76.5%, which was higher than that among men (60.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-3.10, P =.002). Workers over 30 years of age had a higher risk of DED (OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.06-4.66), as did workers using a VDT >8 hours per day (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.22-3.09). Average Schirmer value was 18.7 ± 11.7 mm and tear break-up time (TBUT) was 4.0 ± 2.5 seconds (78.6% of study participants had TBUT ≤5 seconds). Conclusions DED is prevalent among young to middle-aged Japanese VDT users. Ophthalmic findings revealed short TBUT and corneal staining accompanied by normal Schirmer test values. Increased risk for DED was noted for women aged over 30 years and prolonged VDT use. Measures to modify the adverse impact of VDT use on the ocular surface may provide a positive impact on public health and quality of life for office workers using VDTs.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.05.040
DO - 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.05.040
M3 - Article
C2 - 23891330
AN - SCOPUS:84884589925
VL - 156
SP - 759-766.e1
JO - American Journal of Ophthalmology
JF - American Journal of Ophthalmology
SN - 0002-9394
IS - 4
ER -