Abstract
Children (n = 117; mean age 2.4 ± 2.9 years) were diagnosed as having community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using clinical symptoms, chest X-rays, and hematological data. The causative pathogen was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (6 bacteria), multiple reverse transcription-PCR (MPCR; 11 viruses), bacterial culture, and serology. The initial chemotherapy was evaluated based on the pathogens identified using PCR. We found 27 viral cases (23.1%), 25 bacterial cases (21.4%), 45 mixed infections with virus and bacteria (38.5%), 10 Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8.5%), 7 mixed infections with M. pneumoniae and another pathogen (6.0%), 1 Chlamydophila pneumoniae (0.9%), and 2 unknown pathogens (1.7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae accounted for 58 (49.5%) and 27 (23.0%) of the cases, respectively. The median values (50%) of the white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) using the box-and-whisker and plot method, respectively, were 11.7 × 103 mm-3 and 1.4 mg/dl in viral infections, 15.6 × 103 mm-3 and 4.8 mg/dl in mixed infections with virus and bacteria, 17.8 × 103 mm-3 and 6.3 mg/dl in bacterial infections, 6.7 × 103 mm-3 and 1.4 mg/dl in M. pneumoniae infections, and 21.5 × 103 mm-3 and 6.4 mg/dl in mixed infections with M. pneumoniae and other bacterial infections. Sulbactam/ampicillin (n = 61), carbapenems (n = 12), and ceftriaxone (n = 7) were selected for the patients suspected of having bacterial infections alone or mixed infections with bacterial and viruses in accordance with our criteria defined tentatively. For those with M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae infections, azithromycin or minocycline was initially used. Treatments averaged 3-5 days. The empirical chemotherapy was improper in 9.4% of cases in relation to the etiologic agents finally identified. We conclude that rapid and comprehensive identification using PCR can provide optimal antimicrobial chemotherapy for CAP patients.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 305-313 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2007 Oct |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Antimicrobial chemotherapy
- C-Reactive protein
- Child
- Community-acquired pneumonia
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Microbiology (medical)
Cite this
Rapid optimization of antimicrobial chemotherapy given to pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia using PCR techniques with serology and standard culture. / Nakayama, Eiichi; Hasegawa, Keiko; Morozumi, Miyuki; Kobayashi, Reiko; Chiba, Naoko; Iitsuka, Taketoshi; Tajima, Takeshi; Sunakawa, Keisuke; Ubukata, Kimiko.
In: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, Vol. 13, No. 5, 10.2007, p. 305-313.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Rapid optimization of antimicrobial chemotherapy given to pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia using PCR techniques with serology and standard culture
AU - Nakayama, Eiichi
AU - Hasegawa, Keiko
AU - Morozumi, Miyuki
AU - Kobayashi, Reiko
AU - Chiba, Naoko
AU - Iitsuka, Taketoshi
AU - Tajima, Takeshi
AU - Sunakawa, Keisuke
AU - Ubukata, Kimiko
PY - 2007/10
Y1 - 2007/10
N2 - Children (n = 117; mean age 2.4 ± 2.9 years) were diagnosed as having community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using clinical symptoms, chest X-rays, and hematological data. The causative pathogen was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (6 bacteria), multiple reverse transcription-PCR (MPCR; 11 viruses), bacterial culture, and serology. The initial chemotherapy was evaluated based on the pathogens identified using PCR. We found 27 viral cases (23.1%), 25 bacterial cases (21.4%), 45 mixed infections with virus and bacteria (38.5%), 10 Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8.5%), 7 mixed infections with M. pneumoniae and another pathogen (6.0%), 1 Chlamydophila pneumoniae (0.9%), and 2 unknown pathogens (1.7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae accounted for 58 (49.5%) and 27 (23.0%) of the cases, respectively. The median values (50%) of the white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) using the box-and-whisker and plot method, respectively, were 11.7 × 103 mm-3 and 1.4 mg/dl in viral infections, 15.6 × 103 mm-3 and 4.8 mg/dl in mixed infections with virus and bacteria, 17.8 × 103 mm-3 and 6.3 mg/dl in bacterial infections, 6.7 × 103 mm-3 and 1.4 mg/dl in M. pneumoniae infections, and 21.5 × 103 mm-3 and 6.4 mg/dl in mixed infections with M. pneumoniae and other bacterial infections. Sulbactam/ampicillin (n = 61), carbapenems (n = 12), and ceftriaxone (n = 7) were selected for the patients suspected of having bacterial infections alone or mixed infections with bacterial and viruses in accordance with our criteria defined tentatively. For those with M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae infections, azithromycin or minocycline was initially used. Treatments averaged 3-5 days. The empirical chemotherapy was improper in 9.4% of cases in relation to the etiologic agents finally identified. We conclude that rapid and comprehensive identification using PCR can provide optimal antimicrobial chemotherapy for CAP patients.
AB - Children (n = 117; mean age 2.4 ± 2.9 years) were diagnosed as having community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using clinical symptoms, chest X-rays, and hematological data. The causative pathogen was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (6 bacteria), multiple reverse transcription-PCR (MPCR; 11 viruses), bacterial culture, and serology. The initial chemotherapy was evaluated based on the pathogens identified using PCR. We found 27 viral cases (23.1%), 25 bacterial cases (21.4%), 45 mixed infections with virus and bacteria (38.5%), 10 Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8.5%), 7 mixed infections with M. pneumoniae and another pathogen (6.0%), 1 Chlamydophila pneumoniae (0.9%), and 2 unknown pathogens (1.7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae accounted for 58 (49.5%) and 27 (23.0%) of the cases, respectively. The median values (50%) of the white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) using the box-and-whisker and plot method, respectively, were 11.7 × 103 mm-3 and 1.4 mg/dl in viral infections, 15.6 × 103 mm-3 and 4.8 mg/dl in mixed infections with virus and bacteria, 17.8 × 103 mm-3 and 6.3 mg/dl in bacterial infections, 6.7 × 103 mm-3 and 1.4 mg/dl in M. pneumoniae infections, and 21.5 × 103 mm-3 and 6.4 mg/dl in mixed infections with M. pneumoniae and other bacterial infections. Sulbactam/ampicillin (n = 61), carbapenems (n = 12), and ceftriaxone (n = 7) were selected for the patients suspected of having bacterial infections alone or mixed infections with bacterial and viruses in accordance with our criteria defined tentatively. For those with M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae infections, azithromycin or minocycline was initially used. Treatments averaged 3-5 days. The empirical chemotherapy was improper in 9.4% of cases in relation to the etiologic agents finally identified. We conclude that rapid and comprehensive identification using PCR can provide optimal antimicrobial chemotherapy for CAP patients.
KW - Antimicrobial chemotherapy
KW - C-Reactive protein
KW - Child
KW - Community-acquired pneumonia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=35848936726&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=35848936726&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10156-007-0535-6
DO - 10.1007/s10156-007-0535-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 17982719
AN - SCOPUS:35848936726
VL - 13
SP - 305
EP - 313
JO - Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
JF - Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
SN - 1341-321X
IS - 5
ER -