TY - JOUR
T1 - Resting-state isolated effective connectivity of the cingulate cortex as a neurophysiological biomarker in patients with severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia
AU - Wada, Masataka
AU - Nakajima, Shinichiro
AU - Tarumi, Ryosuke
AU - Masuda, Fumi
AU - Miyazaki, Takahiro
AU - Tsugawa, Sakiko
AU - Ogyu, Kamiyu
AU - Honda, Shiori
AU - Matsushita, Karin
AU - Kikuchi, Yudai
AU - Fujii, Shinya
AU - Blumberger, Daniel M.
AU - Daskalakis, Zafiris J.
AU - Mimura, Masaru
AU - Noda, Yoshihiro
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and AMED to Y.N., S.N., and M.M. The funding agency did not contribute to the study design; in the data collection, analyses, and interpretation; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Background: The neural basis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remains unclear. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that aberrant connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and default mode network (DMN) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of TRS. Thus, we aimed to examine the connectivity between the ACC and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of the DMN, computing isolated effective coherence (iCoh), which represents causal effective connectivity. Methods: Resting-state electroencephalogram with 19 channels was acquired from seventeen patients with TRS and thirty patients with non-TRS (nTRS). The iCoh values between the PCC and ACC were calculated using sLORETA software. We conducted four-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) for iCoh values with group as a between-subject factor and frequency, directionality, and laterality as within-subject factors and post-hoc independent t-tests. Results: The ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests for the iCoh ratio of directionality from PCC to ACC showed significant findings in delta (t45 = 7.659, p = 0.008) and theta (t45 = 8.066, p = 0.007) bands in the left side (TRS < nTRS). Conclusion: Left delta and theta PCC and ACC iCoh ratio may represent a neurophysiological basis of TRS. Given the preliminary nature of this study, these results warrant further study to confirm the importance of iCoh as a clinical indicator for treatment-resistance.
AB - Background: The neural basis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remains unclear. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that aberrant connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and default mode network (DMN) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of TRS. Thus, we aimed to examine the connectivity between the ACC and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of the DMN, computing isolated effective coherence (iCoh), which represents causal effective connectivity. Methods: Resting-state electroencephalogram with 19 channels was acquired from seventeen patients with TRS and thirty patients with non-TRS (nTRS). The iCoh values between the PCC and ACC were calculated using sLORETA software. We conducted four-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) for iCoh values with group as a between-subject factor and frequency, directionality, and laterality as within-subject factors and post-hoc independent t-tests. Results: The ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests for the iCoh ratio of directionality from PCC to ACC showed significant findings in delta (t45 = 7.659, p = 0.008) and theta (t45 = 8.066, p = 0.007) bands in the left side (TRS < nTRS). Conclusion: Left delta and theta PCC and ACC iCoh ratio may represent a neurophysiological basis of TRS. Given the preliminary nature of this study, these results warrant further study to confirm the importance of iCoh as a clinical indicator for treatment-resistance.
KW - Anterior cingulate cortex
KW - Causal effective connectivity
KW - Default mode network
KW - Isolated effective coherence
KW - Posterior cingulate cortex
KW - Resting-state electroencephalography
KW - Treatment-resistant schizophrenia
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U2 - 10.3390/jpm10030089
DO - 10.3390/jpm10030089
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85089719233
SN - 2075-4426
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - Journal of Personalized Medicine
JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine
IS - 3
M1 - 89
ER -