Review-synthesis, luminescent properties, and stabilities of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals have emerged as promising luminescent quantum dots. In this review, we summarize recent work on their synthesis, luminescent properties, and stabilities. Through controlling the composition of the alloyed halides and quantum size effects, the band gaps and emission wavelengths of CsPbX₃ nanocrystals are readily tunable over the entire visible range. Their sharp emission line-widths extend the color gamut of liquid crystal displays. They also exhibit high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields and fast PL lifetimes. CsPbX₃ nanocrystals with both cubic and plate shapes have been successfully synthesized through several liquid-phase methods, such as hot-injection, room-temperature, and amine-free methods. The sizes and shapes of CsPbX₃ nanocrystals can be controlled via the reaction temperature and the length of the n-alkyl carboxylic acids and n-alkylamines used in their synthesis. Several attempts have been made to improve their stabilities during storage, at high temperature, and under light irradiation, for example by incorporation of CsPbX₃ nanocrystals into silica or polymer matrixes.