Semi-valveless pulse detonation cycle at a kilohertz-scale operating frequency

A high operating frequency of a pulse detonation engine is required to increase the thrust-to-engine weight ratio or thrust density. The semi-valveless pulse detonation cycle (PDC) proposed by Matsuoka et al. (2017) can achieve a high operating frequency exceeding several kilohertz. For achieving a higher operating frequency close to the upper limit of gas dynamics, it is necessary to minimize the process in which the buffer layer is applied to avoid self-ignition of the detonable mixture. Experiments were conducted, and a one-dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the minimum thickness of the buffer layer and the required duration for the stable PDC operation. Ethylene was used as a fuel and pure oxygen as an oxidizer. The total length of two combustors with an inner diameter of 10 mm was 40 and 80 mm. Therefore, the thickness of the buffer layer of approximately 20 mm was suggested for the stable PDC operation. This result indicated that 10% of the duration of one PDC was required to prevent self-ignition (SI). In the failed PDC, the early and late SI were confirmed. Interestingly, high-frequency PDC operation with a short combustor can suppress late SI and results in a higher success rate with the same thickness of the buffer layer. Furthermore, a stable PDC operation of a 1916 Hz with a combustor with a total length of 40 mm was demonstrated.