Sensor to Detect Cutting Force Components, Cutting Torque, and Cutting Tool Deflections

This study deals with a sensor applying the Villari effect for detecting X, Y, and Z cutting force components, cutting torque, and cutting tool deflections in the X and Y directions for use in recognition and identification of cutting processes by autonomous machine tools. The principle and basic features of the sensor were proposed and a sensor system was developed on an experimental basis. Experimental results confirmed the advantages of the Villari effect. The performance of the proposed sensor was also evaluated in terms of the detecting static force (x, y, and z components and torque), cutting force (x, y, and z components and torque), and tool deflections in the X and Y directions caused by static force and cutting force.