TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatially modulated vacua in a Lorentz-invariant scalar field theory
AU - Nitta, Muneto
AU - Sasaki, Shin
AU - Yokokura, Ryo
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank N. Yamamoto for notifying the reference [38] and the exclusion of the FFLO phase in relativistic QCD-like theories. The work of M. N. is supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science (MEXT)-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities ‘Topological Science’ (Grant no. S1511006), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI Grant no. 16H03984), and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Topological Materials Science” (KAKENHI Grant no. 15H05855) from the MEXT of Japan. The work of S. S. is supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant number JP17K14294 and Kitasato University Research Grant for Young Researchers. The work of R. Y. is supported by Research Fellowships of JSPS for Young Scientists Grant number 16J03226.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, The Author(s).
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - Spatial modulation has been studied for a long time in condensed matter, nuclear matter and quark matter, where the manifest Lorentz invariance is lost due to the finite density/temperature effects and so on. In this paper, spatially modulated vacua at zero temperature and zero density are studied in Lorentz invariant field theories. We first propose an adaptation of the Nambu–Goldstone theorem to higher derivative theories under the assumption of the absence of ghosts: when a global symmetry is spontaneously broken due to vacuum expectation values of space-time derivatives of fields, a Nambu–Goldstone (NG) boson appears without a canonical kinetic (quadratic derivative) term with a quartic derivative term in the modulated direction while a Higgs boson appears with a canonical kinetic term. We demonstrate this in a simple model allowing (meta)stable modulated vacuum of a phase modulation (Fulde–Ferrell state), where an NG mode associated with spontaneously broken translational and U(1) symmetries appears.
AB - Spatial modulation has been studied for a long time in condensed matter, nuclear matter and quark matter, where the manifest Lorentz invariance is lost due to the finite density/temperature effects and so on. In this paper, spatially modulated vacua at zero temperature and zero density are studied in Lorentz invariant field theories. We first propose an adaptation of the Nambu–Goldstone theorem to higher derivative theories under the assumption of the absence of ghosts: when a global symmetry is spontaneously broken due to vacuum expectation values of space-time derivatives of fields, a Nambu–Goldstone (NG) boson appears without a canonical kinetic (quadratic derivative) term with a quartic derivative term in the modulated direction while a Higgs boson appears with a canonical kinetic term. We demonstrate this in a simple model allowing (meta)stable modulated vacuum of a phase modulation (Fulde–Ferrell state), where an NG mode associated with spontaneously broken translational and U(1) symmetries appears.
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U2 - 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6235-9
DO - 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6235-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85053496277
SN - 1434-6044
VL - 78
JO - Zeitschrift fur Physik C-Particles and Fields
JF - Zeitschrift fur Physik C-Particles and Fields
IS - 9
M1 - 754
ER -