Abstract
Bullous impetigo and its generalized form, staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), are highly contagious, blistering skin diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Virulent strains of the bacteria produce exfoliative toxins (ETs) that cause the loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in the superficial epidermis. Recent studies have indicated that the three isoforms of ETs, i.e., ETA, ETB, and ETD, are glutamate-specific serine proteases that specifically and efficiently cleave a single peptide bond in the extracellular region of human and mouse desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), a desmosomal intercellular adhesion molecule. In addition, four isoforms of S. hyicus exfoliative toxin, ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, and ExhD, cleave swine Dsg1, resulting in skin exfoliation similar to that observed in pigs with exudative epidermitis. In this review, we describe recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms of action of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins, which act as "molecular scissors" to facilitate percutaneous bacterial invasion of mammalian skin by cleavage of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion molecules. The species-specificity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins to cleave Dsg1 in certain mammalian species is discussed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 21-31 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Journal of Dermatological Science |
| Volume | 49 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2008 Jan |
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Keywords
- Desmoglein
- Exfoliative toxin
- Exudative epidermitis
- Impetigo
- Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Dermatology
Cite this
Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins : "Molecular scissors" of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals. / Nishifuji, Koji; Sugai, Motoyuki; Amagai, Masayuki.
In: Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 49, No. 1, 01.2008, p. 21-31.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins
T2 - "Molecular scissors" of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals
AU - Nishifuji, Koji
AU - Sugai, Motoyuki
AU - Amagai, Masayuki
PY - 2008/1
Y1 - 2008/1
N2 - Bullous impetigo and its generalized form, staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), are highly contagious, blistering skin diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Virulent strains of the bacteria produce exfoliative toxins (ETs) that cause the loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in the superficial epidermis. Recent studies have indicated that the three isoforms of ETs, i.e., ETA, ETB, and ETD, are glutamate-specific serine proteases that specifically and efficiently cleave a single peptide bond in the extracellular region of human and mouse desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), a desmosomal intercellular adhesion molecule. In addition, four isoforms of S. hyicus exfoliative toxin, ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, and ExhD, cleave swine Dsg1, resulting in skin exfoliation similar to that observed in pigs with exudative epidermitis. In this review, we describe recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms of action of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins, which act as "molecular scissors" to facilitate percutaneous bacterial invasion of mammalian skin by cleavage of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion molecules. The species-specificity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins to cleave Dsg1 in certain mammalian species is discussed.
AB - Bullous impetigo and its generalized form, staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), are highly contagious, blistering skin diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Virulent strains of the bacteria produce exfoliative toxins (ETs) that cause the loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in the superficial epidermis. Recent studies have indicated that the three isoforms of ETs, i.e., ETA, ETB, and ETD, are glutamate-specific serine proteases that specifically and efficiently cleave a single peptide bond in the extracellular region of human and mouse desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), a desmosomal intercellular adhesion molecule. In addition, four isoforms of S. hyicus exfoliative toxin, ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, and ExhD, cleave swine Dsg1, resulting in skin exfoliation similar to that observed in pigs with exudative epidermitis. In this review, we describe recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms of action of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins, which act as "molecular scissors" to facilitate percutaneous bacterial invasion of mammalian skin by cleavage of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion molecules. The species-specificity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins to cleave Dsg1 in certain mammalian species is discussed.
KW - Desmoglein
KW - Exfoliative toxin
KW - Exudative epidermitis
KW - Impetigo
KW - Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=36849014403&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=36849014403&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 17582744
AN - SCOPUS:36849014403
VL - 49
SP - 21
EP - 31
JO - Journal of Dermatological Science
JF - Journal of Dermatological Science
SN - 0923-1811
IS - 1
ER -