TY - JOUR
T1 - Tear Evaporation Rates in Sjögren Syndrome and non-Sjögren Dry Eye Patients
AU - Goto, Eiki
AU - Matsumoto, Yukihiro
AU - Kamoi, Mizuka
AU - Endo, Koji
AU - Ishida, Reiko
AU - Dogru, Murat
AU - Kaido, Minako
AU - Kojima, Takashi
AU - Tsubota, Kazuo
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by Grant no.18070501 from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Japanese patent application 2003-032898 (Drs Goto, Endo, and Tsuboto); and Japanese patent application 2003-032899 (Drs Endo and Tsuboto) for the evaporimeter set-up described herein as a “Tear Secretion Quantify Examination System.” Drs Endo, Tsuboto, and Goto also have filed a US patent application on the method described herein and its clinical applications as “Tear Secretion Quantify Examination System.” Drs Goto, Matsumoto, and Kamoi contributed equally to the work and therefore should be considered equivalent first authors. Involved in design of study (E.G., Y.M., M.K., R.I.); conduct of study (E.G., Y.M., M.K., K.E.); collection and analysis of the data (E.G., Y.M., K.E., R.I., M.K., T.K., K.T.); and approval of the manuscript (E.G., M.D., K.T.). The present research followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki based on a protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board committee of Tokyo Dental College. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects after explanation of the nature and possible consequences of the study. This clinical trial was registered to Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center (Tokyo, Japan, JapacCTI-060313).
PY - 2007/7
Y1 - 2007/7
N2 - Purpose: To reinvestigate tear evaporation rates in Sjögren syndrome (SS) and non-Sjögren (non-SS) dry eye patients with a recently reported ventilated chamber evaporimeter system. Design: Prospective case-control study. Methods: A ventilated chamber evaporimeter system was used to measure tear evaporation rates. A DR-1 camera (Kowa, Nagoya, Japan) was used for tear lipid layer interference image acquisition. The Yokoi severity grading system was used for DR-1 image evaluation. Twenty-four aqueous tear deficiency (ATD) eyes of 21 consecutive patients with SS were studied (SS ATD group). Twenty-one ATD eyes of 12 non-SS patients (non-SS ATD group) were examined as control subjects. Results: Tear evaporation rates of the SS ATD group (5.9 ± 3.5 [10-7 g/cm2 per second]) were significantly higher than those of the non-SS ATD group (2.9 ± 1.8 [10-7 g/cm2 per second]; P = .0009). The severity grading of DR-1 tear interference images of the SS ATD group was significantly higher (P = .03), along with significantly worse meibomian gland expressibility and vital staining scores, compared with those of the non-SS ATD group. Conclusions: Tear evaporation rates were higher in eyes of the SS ATD group compared with the non-SS ATD group. Tear evaporation assessed in conjunction with tear lipid layer findings and meibomian gland expressibility provides an increased understanding in the differential diagnosis of dry eye states.
AB - Purpose: To reinvestigate tear evaporation rates in Sjögren syndrome (SS) and non-Sjögren (non-SS) dry eye patients with a recently reported ventilated chamber evaporimeter system. Design: Prospective case-control study. Methods: A ventilated chamber evaporimeter system was used to measure tear evaporation rates. A DR-1 camera (Kowa, Nagoya, Japan) was used for tear lipid layer interference image acquisition. The Yokoi severity grading system was used for DR-1 image evaluation. Twenty-four aqueous tear deficiency (ATD) eyes of 21 consecutive patients with SS were studied (SS ATD group). Twenty-one ATD eyes of 12 non-SS patients (non-SS ATD group) were examined as control subjects. Results: Tear evaporation rates of the SS ATD group (5.9 ± 3.5 [10-7 g/cm2 per second]) were significantly higher than those of the non-SS ATD group (2.9 ± 1.8 [10-7 g/cm2 per second]; P = .0009). The severity grading of DR-1 tear interference images of the SS ATD group was significantly higher (P = .03), along with significantly worse meibomian gland expressibility and vital staining scores, compared with those of the non-SS ATD group. Conclusions: Tear evaporation rates were higher in eyes of the SS ATD group compared with the non-SS ATD group. Tear evaporation assessed in conjunction with tear lipid layer findings and meibomian gland expressibility provides an increased understanding in the differential diagnosis of dry eye states.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.03.055
DO - 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.03.055
M3 - Article
C2 - 17509507
AN - SCOPUS:34250710743
VL - 144
SP - 81-85.e1
JO - American Journal of Ophthalmology
JF - American Journal of Ophthalmology
SN - 0002-9394
IS - 1
ER -