TY - JOUR
T1 - Temporally, spatially, or lightlike modulated vacua in Lorentz invariant theories
AU - Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
AU - Nitta, Muneto
AU - Sasaki, Shin
AU - Yokokura, Ryo
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science (MEXT)-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities ‘Topological Science’ (Grant No. S1511006). The work of M. N. is also supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI Grant No. 16H03984 and No. 18H01217). The work of M. N. and S. B. G. is also supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Topological Materials Science” (KAKENHI Grant No. 15H05855) from the MEXT of Japan. The work of S. S. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. JP17K14294. The work of R. Y. is also supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Discrete Geometric Analysis for 859 Materials Design” (KAKENHI Grant No. 17H06462) from the MEXT of Japan.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the »https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/» Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP .
PY - 2019/2/15
Y1 - 2019/2/15
N2 - We study the vacuum structure of a class of Lorentz-invariant field theories where the vacuum expectation values are not constant but are (phase) modulated. The vacua are classified into spatial, temporal, and lightlike modulation types according to the patterns of spontaneous breaking of translational symmetry. The conditions for having temporal or lightlike modulated vacua imply severe constraints on the models. We utilize the notion of generalized Nambu-Goldstone modes which appear in the modulated vacua. Finally, we examine fluctuation modes around these vacua and discuss their dynamics and the absence of ghosts.
AB - We study the vacuum structure of a class of Lorentz-invariant field theories where the vacuum expectation values are not constant but are (phase) modulated. The vacua are classified into spatial, temporal, and lightlike modulation types according to the patterns of spontaneous breaking of translational symmetry. The conditions for having temporal or lightlike modulated vacua imply severe constraints on the models. We utilize the notion of generalized Nambu-Goldstone modes which appear in the modulated vacua. Finally, we examine fluctuation modes around these vacua and discuss their dynamics and the absence of ghosts.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062350060&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85062350060&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.045011
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.045011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85062350060
VL - 99
JO - Physical Review D
JF - Physical Review D
SN - 2470-0010
IS - 4
M1 - 045011
ER -