The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis

F. Kunst; N. Ogasawara; I. Moszer; A. M. Albertini; G. Alloni; V. Azevedo; M. G. Bertero; P. Bessières; A. Bolotin; S. Borchert; R. Borriss; L. Boursier; A. Brans; M. Braun; S. C. Brignell; S. Bron; S. Brouillet; C. V. Bruschi; B. Caldwell; V. Capuano; N. M. Carter; S. K. Choi; J. J. Codani; I. F. Connerton; N. J. Cummings; R. A. Daniel; F. Denizot; K. M. Devine; A. Düsterhöft; S. D. Ehrlich; P. T. Emmerson; K. D. Entian; J. Errington; C. Fabret; E. Ferrari; D. Foulger; C. Fritz; M. Fujita; Y. Fujita; S. Fuma; A. Galizzi; N. Galleron; S. Y. Ghim; P. Glaser; A. Goffeau; E. J. Golightly; G. Grandi; G. Guiseppi; B. J. Guy; K. Haga; J. Haiech; C. R. Harwood; A. Hénaut; H. Hilbert; S. Holsappel; S. Hosono; M. F. Hullo; M. Itaya; L. Jones; B. Joris; D. Karamata; Y. Kasahara; M. Klaerr-Blanchard; C. Klein; Y. Kobayashi; P. Koetter; G. Koningstein; S. Krogh; M. Kumano; K. Kurita; A. Lapidus; S. Lardinois; J. Lauber; V. Lazarevic; S. M. Lee; A. Levine; H. Liu; S. Masuda; C. Mauël; C. Médigue; N. Medina; R. P. Mellado; M. Mizuno; D. Moestl; S. Nakai; M. Noback; D. Noone; M. O'Reilly; K. Ogawa; A. Ogiwara; B. Oudega; S. H. Park; V. Parro; T. M. Pohl; D. Portetelle; S. Porwollik; A. M. Prescott; E. Presecan; P. Pujic; B. Purnelle; G. Rapoport; M. Rey; S. Reynolds; M. Rieger; C. Rivolta; E. Rocha; B. Roche; M. Rose; Y. Sadaie; T. Sato; E. Scanlan; S. Schleich; R. Schroeter; F. Scoffone; J. Sekiguchi; A. Sekowska; S. J. Seror; P. Serror; B. S. Shin; B. Soldo; A. Sorokin; E. Tacconi; T. Takagi; H. Takahashi; K. Takemaru; M. Takeuchi; A. Tamakoshi; T. Tanaka; P. Terpstra; A. Tognoni; V. Tosato; S. Uchiyama; M. Vandenbol; F. Vannier; A. Vassarotti; A. Viari; R. Wambutt; E. Wedler; H. Wedler; T. Weitzenegger; P. Winters; A. Wipat; H. Yamamoto; K. Yamane; K. Yasumoto; K. Yata; K. Yoshida; H. F. Yoshikawa; E. Zumstein; H. Yoshikawa; A. Danchin

doi:10.1038/36786

The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis

F. Kunst, N. Ogasawara, I. Moszer, A. M. Albertini, G. Alloni, V. Azevedo, M. G. Bertero, P. Bessières, A. Bolotin, S. Borchert, R. Borriss, L. Boursier, A. Brans, M. Braun, S. C. Brignell, S. Bron, S. Brouillet, C. V. Bruschi, B. Caldwell, V. CapuanoN. M. Carter, S. K. Choi, J. J. Codani, I. F. Connerton, N. J. Cummings, R. A. Daniel, F. Denizot, K. M. Devine, A. Düsterhöft, S. D. Ehrlich, P. T. Emmerson, K. D. Entian, J. Errington, C. Fabret, E. Ferrari, D. Foulger, C. Fritz, M. Fujita, Y. Fujita, S. Fuma, A. Galizzi, N. Galleron, S. Y. Ghim, P. Glaser, A. Goffeau, E. J. Golightly, G. Grandi, G. Guiseppi, B. J. Guy, K. Haga, J. Haiech, C. R. Harwood, A. Hénaut, H. Hilbert, S. Holsappel, S. Hosono, M. F. Hullo, M. Itaya, L. Jones, B. Joris, D. Karamata, Y. Kasahara, M. Klaerr-Blanchard, C. Klein, Y. Kobayashi, P. Koetter, G. Koningstein, S. Krogh, M. Kumano, K. Kurita, A. Lapidus, S. Lardinois, J. Lauber, V. Lazarevic, S. M. Lee, A. Levine, H. Liu, S. Masuda, C. Mauël, C. Médigue, N. Medina, R. P. Mellado, M. Mizuno, D. Moestl, S. Nakai, M. Noback, D. Noone, M. O'Reilly, K. Ogawa, A. Ogiwara, B. Oudega, S. H. Park, V. Parro, T. M. Pohl, D. Portetelle, S. Porwollik, A. M. Prescott, E. Presecan, P. Pujic, B. Purnelle, G. Rapoport, M. Rey, S. Reynolds, M. Rieger, C. Rivolta, E. Rocha, B. Roche, M. Rose, Y. Sadaie, T. Sato, E. Scanlan, S. Schleich, R. Schroeter, F. Scoffone, J. Sekiguchi, A. Sekowska, S. J. Seror, P. Serror, B. S. Shin, B. Soldo, A. Sorokin, E. Tacconi, T. Takagi, H. Takahashi, K. Takemaru, M. Takeuchi, A. Tamakoshi, T. Tanaka, P. Terpstra, A. Tognoni, V. Tosato, S. Uchiyama, M. Vandenbol, F. Vannier, A. Vassarotti, A. Viari, R. Wambutt, E. Wedler, H. Wedler, T. Weitzenegger, P. Winters, A. Wipat, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamane, K. Yasumoto, K. Yata, K. Yoshida, H. F. Yoshikawa, E. Zumstein, H. Yoshikawa, A. Danchin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3125 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been greatly expanded by gene duplication, the largest family containing 77 putative ATP-binding transport proteins. In addition, a large proportion of the genetic capacity is devoted to the utilization of a variety of carbon sources, including many plant-derived molecules. The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes. Many of the genes are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, that are more typically associated with Streptomyces species. The genome contains at least ten prophages or remnants of prophages, indicating that bacteriophage infection has played an important evolutionary role in horizontal gene transfer, in particular in the propagation of bacterial pathogenesis.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	249-256
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nature
Volume	390
Issue number	6657
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/36786
Publication status	Published - 1997 Nov 20
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General

Access to Document

10.1038/36786

Cite this

Kunst, F., Ogasawara, N., Moszer, I., Albertini, A. M., Alloni, G., Azevedo, V., Bertero, M. G., Bessières, P., Bolotin, A., Borchert, S., Borriss, R., Boursier, L., Brans, A., Braun, M., Brignell, S. C., Bron, S., Brouillet, S., Bruschi, C. V., Caldwell, B., ... Danchin, A. (1997). The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Nature, 390(6657), 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1038/36786

Kunst, F, Ogasawara, N, Moszer, I, Albertini, AM, Alloni, G, Azevedo, V, Bertero, MG, Bessières, P, Bolotin, A, Borchert, S, Borriss, R, Boursier, L, Brans, A, Braun, M, Brignell, SC, Bron, S, Brouillet, S, Bruschi, CV, Caldwell, B, Capuano, V, Carter, NM, Choi, SK, Codani, JJ, Connerton, IF, Cummings, NJ, Daniel, RA, Denizot, F, Devine, KM, Düsterhöft, A, Ehrlich, SD, Emmerson, PT, Entian, KD, Errington, J, Fabret, C, Ferrari, E, Foulger, D, Fritz, C, Fujita, M, Fujita, Y, Fuma, S, Galizzi, A, Galleron, N, Ghim, SY, Glaser, P, Goffeau, A, Golightly, EJ, Grandi, G, Guiseppi, G, Guy, BJ, Haga, K, Haiech, J, Harwood, CR, Hénaut, A, Hilbert, H, Holsappel, S, Hosono, S, Hullo, MF, Itaya, M, Jones, L, Joris, B, Karamata, D, Kasahara, Y, Klaerr-Blanchard, M, Klein, C, Kobayashi, Y, Koetter, P, Koningstein, G, Krogh, S, Kumano, M, Kurita, K, Lapidus, A, Lardinois, S, Lauber, J, Lazarevic, V, Lee, SM, Levine, A, Liu, H, Masuda, S, Mauël, C, Médigue, C, Medina, N, Mellado, RP, Mizuno, M, Moestl, D, Nakai, S, Noback, M, Noone, D, O'Reilly, M, Ogawa, K, Ogiwara, A, Oudega, B, Park, SH, Parro, V, Pohl, TM, Portetelle, D, Porwollik, S, Prescott, AM, Presecan, E, Pujic, P, Purnelle, B, Rapoport, G, Rey, M, Reynolds, S, Rieger, M, Rivolta, C, Rocha, E, Roche, B, Rose, M, Sadaie, Y, Sato, T, Scanlan, E, Schleich, S, Schroeter, R, Scoffone, F, Sekiguchi, J, Sekowska, A, Seror, SJ, Serror, P, Shin, BS, Soldo, B, Sorokin, A, Tacconi, E, Takagi, T, Takahashi, H, Takemaru, K, Takeuchi, M, Tamakoshi, A, Tanaka, T, Terpstra, P, Tognoni, A, Tosato, V, Uchiyama, S, Vandenbol, M, Vannier, F, Vassarotti, A, Viari, A, Wambutt, R, Wedler, E, Wedler, H, Weitzenegger, T, Winters, P, Wipat, A, Yamamoto, H, Yamane, K, Yasumoto, K, Yata, K, Yoshida, K, Yoshikawa, HF, Zumstein, E, Yoshikawa, H & Danchin, A 1997, 'The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis', Nature, vol. 390, no. 6657, pp. 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1038/36786

@article{eae7f21034af4c9fbda38074b7ae8388,

title = "The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis",

abstract = "Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been greatly expanded by gene duplication, the largest family containing 77 putative ATP-binding transport proteins. In addition, a large proportion of the genetic capacity is devoted to the utilization of a variety of carbon sources, including many plant-derived molecules. The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes. Many of the genes are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, that are more typically associated with Streptomyces species. The genome contains at least ten prophages or remnants of prophages, indicating that bacteriophage infection has played an important evolutionary role in horizontal gene transfer, in particular in the propagation of bacterial pathogenesis.",

author = "F. Kunst and N. Ogasawara and I. Moszer and Albertini, {A. M.} and G. Alloni and V. Azevedo and Bertero, {M. G.} and P. Bessi{\`e}res and A. Bolotin and S. Borchert and R. Borriss and L. Boursier and A. Brans and M. Braun and Brignell, {S. C.} and S. Bron and S. Brouillet and Bruschi, {C. V.} and B. Caldwell and V. Capuano and Carter, {N. M.} and Choi, {S. K.} and Codani, {J. J.} and Connerton, {I. F.} and Cummings, {N. J.} and Daniel, {R. A.} and F. Denizot and Devine, {K. M.} and A. D{\"u}sterh{\"o}ft and Ehrlich, {S. D.} and Emmerson, {P. T.} and Entian, {K. D.} and J. Errington and C. Fabret and E. Ferrari and D. Foulger and C. Fritz and M. Fujita and Y. Fujita and S. Fuma and A. Galizzi and N. Galleron and Ghim, {S. Y.} and P. Glaser and A. Goffeau and Golightly, {E. J.} and G. Grandi and G. Guiseppi and Guy, {B. J.} and K. Haga and J. Haiech and Harwood, {C. R.} and A. H{\'e}naut and H. Hilbert and S. Holsappel and S. Hosono and Hullo, {M. F.} and M. Itaya and L. Jones and B. Joris and D. Karamata and Y. Kasahara and M. Klaerr-Blanchard and C. Klein and Y. Kobayashi and P. Koetter and G. Koningstein and S. Krogh and M. Kumano and K. Kurita and A. Lapidus and S. Lardinois and J. Lauber and V. Lazarevic and Lee, {S. M.} and A. Levine and H. Liu and S. Masuda and C. Mau{\"e}l and C. M{\'e}digue and N. Medina and Mellado, {R. P.} and M. Mizuno and D. Moestl and S. Nakai and M. Noback and D. Noone and M. O'Reilly and K. Ogawa and A. Ogiwara and B. Oudega and Park, {S. H.} and V. Parro and Pohl, {T. M.} and D. Portetelle and S. Porwollik and Prescott, {A. M.} and E. Presecan and P. Pujic and B. Purnelle and G. Rapoport and M. Rey and S. Reynolds and M. Rieger and C. Rivolta and E. Rocha and B. Roche and M. Rose and Y. Sadaie and T. Sato and E. Scanlan and S. Schleich and R. Schroeter and F. Scoffone and J. Sekiguchi and A. Sekowska and Seror, {S. J.} and P. Serror and Shin, {B. S.} and B. Soldo and A. Sorokin and E. Tacconi and T. Takagi and H. Takahashi and K. Takemaru and M. Takeuchi and A. Tamakoshi and T. Tanaka and P. Terpstra and A. Tognoni and V. Tosato and S. Uchiyama and M. Vandenbol and F. Vannier and A. Vassarotti and A. Viari and R. Wambutt and E. Wedler and H. Wedler and T. Weitzenegger and P. Winters and A. Wipat and H. Yamamoto and K. Yamane and K. Yasumoto and K. Yata and K. Yoshida and Yoshikawa, {H. F.} and E. Zumstein and H. Yoshikawa and A. Danchin",

year = "1997",

month = nov,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1038/36786",

language = "English",

volume = "390",

pages = "249--256",

journal = "Nature Cell Biology",

issn = "1465-7392",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "6657",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis

AU - Kunst, F.

AU - Ogasawara, N.

AU - Moszer, I.

AU - Albertini, A. M.

AU - Alloni, G.

AU - Azevedo, V.

AU - Bertero, M. G.

AU - Bessières, P.

AU - Bolotin, A.

AU - Borchert, S.

AU - Borriss, R.

AU - Boursier, L.

AU - Brans, A.

AU - Braun, M.

AU - Brignell, S. C.

AU - Bron, S.

AU - Brouillet, S.

AU - Bruschi, C. V.

AU - Caldwell, B.

AU - Capuano, V.

AU - Carter, N. M.

AU - Choi, S. K.

AU - Codani, J. J.

AU - Connerton, I. F.

AU - Cummings, N. J.

AU - Daniel, R. A.

AU - Denizot, F.

AU - Devine, K. M.

AU - Düsterhöft, A.

AU - Ehrlich, S. D.

AU - Emmerson, P. T.

AU - Entian, K. D.

AU - Errington, J.

AU - Fabret, C.

AU - Ferrari, E.

AU - Foulger, D.

AU - Fritz, C.

AU - Fujita, M.

AU - Fujita, Y.

AU - Fuma, S.

AU - Galizzi, A.

AU - Galleron, N.

AU - Ghim, S. Y.

AU - Glaser, P.

AU - Goffeau, A.

AU - Golightly, E. J.

AU - Grandi, G.

AU - Guiseppi, G.

AU - Guy, B. J.

AU - Haga, K.

AU - Haiech, J.

AU - Harwood, C. R.

AU - Hénaut, A.

AU - Hilbert, H.

AU - Holsappel, S.

AU - Hosono, S.

AU - Hullo, M. F.

AU - Itaya, M.

AU - Jones, L.

AU - Joris, B.

AU - Karamata, D.

AU - Kasahara, Y.

AU - Klaerr-Blanchard, M.

AU - Klein, C.

AU - Kobayashi, Y.

AU - Koetter, P.

AU - Koningstein, G.

AU - Krogh, S.

AU - Kumano, M.

AU - Kurita, K.

AU - Lapidus, A.

AU - Lardinois, S.

AU - Lauber, J.

AU - Lazarevic, V.

AU - Lee, S. M.

AU - Levine, A.

AU - Liu, H.

AU - Masuda, S.

AU - Mauël, C.

AU - Médigue, C.

AU - Medina, N.

AU - Mellado, R. P.

AU - Mizuno, M.

AU - Moestl, D.

AU - Nakai, S.

AU - Noback, M.

AU - Noone, D.

AU - O'Reilly, M.

AU - Ogawa, K.

AU - Ogiwara, A.

AU - Oudega, B.

AU - Park, S. H.

AU - Parro, V.

AU - Pohl, T. M.

AU - Portetelle, D.

AU - Porwollik, S.

AU - Prescott, A. M.

AU - Presecan, E.

AU - Pujic, P.

AU - Purnelle, B.

AU - Rapoport, G.

AU - Rey, M.

AU - Reynolds, S.

AU - Rieger, M.

AU - Rivolta, C.

AU - Rocha, E.

AU - Roche, B.

AU - Rose, M.

AU - Sadaie, Y.

AU - Sato, T.

AU - Scanlan, E.

AU - Schleich, S.

AU - Schroeter, R.

AU - Scoffone, F.

AU - Sekiguchi, J.

AU - Sekowska, A.

AU - Seror, S. J.

AU - Serror, P.

AU - Shin, B. S.

AU - Soldo, B.

AU - Sorokin, A.

AU - Tacconi, E.

AU - Takagi, T.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Takemaru, K.

AU - Takeuchi, M.

AU - Tamakoshi, A.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Terpstra, P.

AU - Tognoni, A.

AU - Tosato, V.

AU - Uchiyama, S.

AU - Vandenbol, M.

AU - Vannier, F.

AU - Vassarotti, A.

AU - Viari, A.

AU - Wambutt, R.

AU - Wedler, E.

AU - Wedler, H.

AU - Weitzenegger, T.

AU - Winters, P.

AU - Wipat, A.

AU - Yamamoto, H.

AU - Yamane, K.

AU - Yasumoto, K.

AU - Yata, K.

AU - Yoshida, K.

AU - Yoshikawa, H. F.

AU - Zumstein, E.

AU - Yoshikawa, H.

AU - Danchin, A.

PY - 1997/11/20

Y1 - 1997/11/20

N2 - Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been greatly expanded by gene duplication, the largest family containing 77 putative ATP-binding transport proteins. In addition, a large proportion of the genetic capacity is devoted to the utilization of a variety of carbon sources, including many plant-derived molecules. The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes. Many of the genes are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, that are more typically associated with Streptomyces species. The genome contains at least ten prophages or remnants of prophages, indicating that bacteriophage infection has played an important evolutionary role in horizontal gene transfer, in particular in the propagation of bacterial pathogenesis.

AB - Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been greatly expanded by gene duplication, the largest family containing 77 putative ATP-binding transport proteins. In addition, a large proportion of the genetic capacity is devoted to the utilization of a variety of carbon sources, including many plant-derived molecules. The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes. Many of the genes are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, that are more typically associated with Streptomyces species. The genome contains at least ten prophages or remnants of prophages, indicating that bacteriophage infection has played an important evolutionary role in horizontal gene transfer, in particular in the propagation of bacterial pathogenesis.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030731108&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030731108&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/36786

DO - 10.1038/36786

M3 - Article

C2 - 9384377

AN - SCOPUS:0030731108

SN - 1465-7392

VL - 390

SP - 249

EP - 256

JO - Nature Cell Biology

JF - Nature Cell Biology

IS - 6657

ER -

The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this