@article{1a7e6dae54f94441ac8e35fce75e1c21,
title = "Topological order in the color-flavor locked phase of a (3+1)-dimensional U (N) gauge-Higgs system",
abstract = "We study a (3+1)-dimensional U(N) gauge theory with N-flavor fundamental scalar fields, whose color-flavor locked (CFL) phase has topologically stable non-Abelian vortices. The U(1) charge of the scalar fields must be Nk+1 for some integer k in order for them to be in the representation of U(N) gauge group. This theory has a ZNk+1 one-form symmetry, and it is spontaneously broken in the CFL phase, i.e., the CFL phase is topologically ordered if k≠0. We also find that the world sheet of topologically stable vortices in CFL phase can generate this one-form symmetry.",
author = "Yoshimasa Hidaka and Yuji Hirono and Muneto Nitta and Yuya Tanizaki and Ryo Yokokura",
note = "Funding Information: GALEX is a NASA Small Explorer, launched in 2003 April. We gratefully acknowledge NASA{\textquoteright}s support for construction, operation, and science analysis for the GALEX mission, developed in cooperation with the Centre National d{\textquoteright}Etudes Spa-tiales of France and the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology. The VVDS is supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France and its Cosmology program, the Observatoire Astronomique Marseille Provence, and the Italian National Research Council. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the {"}https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/{"} Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP.",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.100.125016",
language = "English",
volume = "100",
journal = "Physical Review D",
issn = "2470-0010",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "12",
}