@article{3daa1a8445ee449e9059fd190ba40588,
title = "Comparison of emotional processing assessed with fear conditioning by interpersonal conflicts in patients with depression and schizophrenia",
abstract = "Aim: While emotional processing is implicated in various psychiatric illnesses, its differences among diagnoses are unclear. We compared associative learning of social values in patients with depression and schizophrenia by measuring skin conductance response to interpersonal stimuli. Methods: We included 20 female outpatients each with depression and schizophrenia. They underwent Pavlovian conditioning experiments in response to a classical aversive sound, and an interpersonal stimulus that was designed to cause aversive social conditioning with actors{\textquoteright} faces coupled with negative verbal messages. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the degree of conditioned response and the clinical characteristics of the participants. Results: Conditioned responses during the acquisition phase in both conditions were higher in depression compared to schizophrenia. Patients with depression successfully showed fear conditioning in both conditions, and they exhibited slower extinction in the interpersonal condition. The conditioned response during the extinction phase showed a positive association with Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Expressive Suppression score, and a negative association with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Cognitive Reappraisal score and the use of antidepressants. Patients with schizophrenia did not become conditioned in either of the conditions. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Negative Syndrome score was negatively associated with the degree of conditioned response during the acquisition phase in the interpersonal condition. Conclusion: Female patients with schizophrenia, especially those who prominently demonstrated negative symptoms, suggested their intrinsic impairments in the associative learning of social context. Antidepressants and adaptive emotional regulation strategy may enhance the extinction learning of aversive social conditioning in depression.",
keywords = "depression, fear conditioning, galvanic skin response, schizophrenia, social relations",
author = "Hideaki Tani and Mitsuhiro Tada and Takaki Maeda and Mika Konishi and Satoshi Umeda and Yuri Terasawa and Masaru Mimura and Takuya Takahashi and Hiroyuki Uchida",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by Inokashira Hospital Grants for Psychiatry Research (H.T.), Lilly Grant (H.T.), SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation (M.T.), Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (SRPBS) from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED (H.U., M.M., and T.T.), {\textquoteleft}Development of biomarker candidates for social behavior{\textquoteright}, carried out under the SRPBS by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (T.T.), and Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology (T.T.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding Information: H.T. has received a grant from Eli Lilly and manuscript or speaker{\textquoteright}s fees from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Wiley Japan, and Yoshitomi Yakuhin. M.T. has received grants from SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation and speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from Mochida Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Yoshi-tomi Yakuhin. T.M. has received speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from Astellas Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Meiji-Seika Pharma, and Yoshitomi Yakuhin. S.U. has received grants from JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. Y.T. has received fellowship grants from Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows. M.M. has received grants and/or speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Meiji-Seika Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, MSD, Novartis Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Shionogi, Takeda, Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma, and Yoshitomi Yakuhin. H.U. has received grants from Eisai, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Meiji-Seika Pharmaceutical, and Novartis; speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Shionogi, Pfizer, Yoshitomi Yakuhin, Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma, Meiji-Seika Pharma, MSD, and Janssen Pharmaceutical; and advisory panel payments from Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma. T.T. has received grants from JST. M.K. has nothing to disclose. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences {\textcopyright} 2018 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology",
year = "2019",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1111/pcn.12805",
language = "English",
volume = "73",
pages = "116--125",
journal = "Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences",
issn = "1323-1316",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "3",
}