TY - JOUR
T1 - Costs and resource use of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Japan
T2 - 18-month results from the GERAS-J study
AU - Nakanishi, Miharu
AU - Igarashi, Ataru
AU - Ueda, Kaname
AU - Brnabic, Alan J.M.
AU - Matsumura, Taka
AU - Meguro, Kenichi
AU - Yamada, Masahito
AU - Mimura, Masaru
AU - Arai, Heii
AU - Treuer, Tamas
N1 - Funding Information:
MN received consulting fees from Eli Lilly and Company outside the submitted work. AI received research grants from Pfizer, CSL Behring, Gilead Science, and Fuji Film, consulting fees from AbbVie, Eli Lilly and Company, Milliman, Novartis Pharma, Novo Nordisk Pharma, and Sony, and lecture fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Creativ Ceutical, CRECON Research and Consulting, and Terumo Corporation. KU, AJMB, TT, and TM are full-time employees and minor shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. KM has no disclosures to report. MY received lecture fees and grant support from Eli Lilly and Company. MM received speaker’s honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly and Company, Fuji Film RI Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Mochida Pharmaceutical, MSD, Nippon Chemipher, Novartis Pharma, Ono Yakuhin, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Takeda Yakuhin, Tsumura, and Yoshitomi Yakuhin, and research support from Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Pfizer, Shionogi, Takeda, Tanabe Mitsubishi and Tsumura. HA received lecture fees from Eisai, Takeda, Daiichi-Sankyo, Novartis, and Ono, and received research support from Eisai, MSD, Daiichi-Sankyo, Novartis, Astellas, Dainippon-Sumitomo, Takeda, and Eli Lilly and Company.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, Japan.
Funding Information:
The authors thank the study patients and their caregivers, the site investigators, and clinical staff. Medical writing support was provided by Kaye L. Stenvers, PhD and Andrew Sakko, PhD, CMPP, and editorial support was provided by Antonia Baldo, of Syneos Health and funded by Eli Lilly Japan K.K. in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines ( www.ismpp.org/gpp3 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Eli Lilly Japan KK. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Objective: To determine the longitudinal societal costs and burden of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their caregivers in Japan. Methods: GERAS-J was an 18-month, prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), patients routinely visiting memory clinics were stratified into groups based on AD severity at baseline (mild, moderate, and moderately severe/severe [MS/S]). Healthcare resource utilization and caregiver burden were assessed using the Resource Utilization in Dementia and Zarit “Caregiver” Burden Interview questionnaires, respectively. Total monthly societal costs were estimated using Japan-specific unit costs of services and products (patient direct healthcare use, patient social care use, and informal caregiving time). Results: Overall, 553 patients (156 mild; 209 moderate; 188 MS/S) were enrolled. MMSE scores declined (1.73, 1.38, and 0.95 points for the mild, moderate, and MS/S AD groups, respectively) and caregiver burden and resource utilization increased over 18 months in each of the AD severity groups. Cumulative total societal costs per patient over 18 months were 3.1, 3.8, and 5.3 million Japanese yen (29,006, 35,662, and 49,725 USD) for mild, moderate, and MS/S AD, respectively. Both patient social care costs and caregiver informal care costs increased with baseline disease severity, with >50% of total costs due to caregiver informal care in each disease severity subgroup. Conclusions: Total treatment costs increased with AD severity over 18 months due to increases in both patient social care costs and caregiver informal care costs. Our data suggest current social care services in Japan are insufficient to alleviate the negative impact of AD on caregiver burden.
AB - Objective: To determine the longitudinal societal costs and burden of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their caregivers in Japan. Methods: GERAS-J was an 18-month, prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), patients routinely visiting memory clinics were stratified into groups based on AD severity at baseline (mild, moderate, and moderately severe/severe [MS/S]). Healthcare resource utilization and caregiver burden were assessed using the Resource Utilization in Dementia and Zarit “Caregiver” Burden Interview questionnaires, respectively. Total monthly societal costs were estimated using Japan-specific unit costs of services and products (patient direct healthcare use, patient social care use, and informal caregiving time). Results: Overall, 553 patients (156 mild; 209 moderate; 188 MS/S) were enrolled. MMSE scores declined (1.73, 1.38, and 0.95 points for the mild, moderate, and MS/S AD groups, respectively) and caregiver burden and resource utilization increased over 18 months in each of the AD severity groups. Cumulative total societal costs per patient over 18 months were 3.1, 3.8, and 5.3 million Japanese yen (29,006, 35,662, and 49,725 USD) for mild, moderate, and MS/S AD, respectively. Both patient social care costs and caregiver informal care costs increased with baseline disease severity, with >50% of total costs due to caregiver informal care in each disease severity subgroup. Conclusions: Total treatment costs increased with AD severity over 18 months due to increases in both patient social care costs and caregiver informal care costs. Our data suggest current social care services in Japan are insufficient to alleviate the negative impact of AD on caregiver burden.
KW - Alzheimer’s disease
KW - caregiver burden
KW - cost analysis
KW - resource use
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U2 - 10.1080/03007995.2021.1922369
DO - 10.1080/03007995.2021.1922369
M3 - Article
C2 - 33904362
AN - SCOPUS:85106248373
VL - 37
SP - 1331
EP - 1339
JO - Current Medical Research and Opinion
JF - Current Medical Research and Opinion
SN - 0300-7995
IS - 8
ER -