Identicalness between piezoelectric loss and dielectric loss in converse effect of piezoelectric ceramic resonators

The relationship between piezoelectric loss (tan δP) and dielectric loss (tan δE) in the converse piezoelectric effect in piezoelectric ceramics was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical consideration was based on the assumption that strain should be proportional to polarization without phase delay in both the intrinsic contribution due to lattice deformation and the extrinsic contribution due to domain wall motion. It was expected that the piezoelectric loss in the converse piezoelectric effect should be identical to the dielectric loss. In order to experimentally verify the identicalness between the losses, the immittance curves of the piezoelectric response of various Pb(Zr,Ti)O ₃-based ceramic resonators were fitted if the piezoelectric loss tan δP (1) is equal to zero, (2) exists as the independent variable, and (3) is the same as the dielectric loss tan δE. The observation result clearly proved that tan δP is identical to tan δE. This identicalness was also demonstrated by analyzing the phase angle of vibration velocity in mechanical response.