Multicentric independent development of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by analysis of hepatitis B virus integration pattern

Two separate nodular lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were surgically removed from a patient with positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen. Southern blot analysis of DNA from the two separate HCC lesions showed different restriction patterns of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA, indicating their independent origins. The two lesions were composed mainly of poorly differentiated HCC; however, well-differentiated HCC was also observed in the periphery of the lesions. This histological findings is consistent with the multistep and independent development of HCC in each site of the liver.