@inbook{bb80144ed3364319a93263e3efb14aa8,
title = "Neural ECM and synaptogenesis",
abstract = "Chemical synapses allow neurons to perform complex computations and regulate other systems of the body. At a chemical synapse, pre- and postsynaptic sites are separated by a small space (the synaptic cleft) and surrounded by astrocytes. The basement membrane (BM), a sheetlike, specialized extracellular matrix (ECM), is found ubiquitously in the PNS. It has become clear that the ECMs not only play a structural role but also serve as barriers and filters in the PNS and CNS. Moreover, proteoglycans and tenascin family proteins in the ECM regulate synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. Although CNS synapses lack the BMs, recent results indicate that the BM-associated collagens are also present in the CNS synaptic cleft and affect synaptogenesis in both the CNS and the PNS. The C1q domain-containing family proteins are important components of the CNS synaptic cleft in regulating synapse formation, maintenance, and the pruning process. The ECM is regarded as a crucial component of the tetrapartite synapse, consisting of pre- and postsynaptic neurons, astrocyte, and ECM.",
keywords = "Basement membrane, C1q, Cerebellum, Collagen, Neuromuscular junction, Perineuronal net, Proteoglycan, Retinal ganglion cell, Synaptogenesis, Tenascin",
author = "Anne Heikkinen and Taina Pihlajaniemi and Andreas Faissner and Michisuke Yuzaki",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the grant-in-aid from the Health Science Council of the Academy of Finland (grant 138866 and Centre of Excellence 2012–2017 grant 251314), the Sigrid Jus{\'e}lius Foundation (to T. P.), the German Research Foundation for funding (DFG, SPP 1172, and GRK 736 to A. F.), the MEXT of Japan (23110009 and 23240053 to M.Y.), the CREST from the JST (M. Y.), and COST Action BM1001 “Brain Extracellular Matrix in Health and Disease” (all authors). We also thank Dr. M. Geissler for preparing Fig. 1 and the Research Department for Neuroscience (RDN) of Ruhr University for support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2014",
doi = "10.1016/B978-0-444-63486-3.00002-5",
language = "English",
series = "Progress in Brain Research",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
pages = "29--51",
booktitle = "Progress in Brain Research",
}