@article{86018e1fe5c84c738c2c87b19bc02984,
title = "Los Indianos Y Sus Redes Personales Y Empresariales En El Colonialismo Espa{\~n}ol Del Siglo Xix: El Caso De Jos{\'e} Xifr{\'e} Y Casas",
abstract = "The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the personal entrepreneur network of Jos{\'e} Xifre y Casas, a distinguished «indiano» in Catalonia. The paper examines how his accumulated capital in the Americas, particularly in Cuba, was transferred to Europe, and it also examines who participated in that process. The first finding is the existence of some general agents such as Antonio Mil{\`a} de la Roca, Jos{\'e} Antonio Vidal y Pascual and Pedro Harmony, who functioned as «nodes» in Xifre's network. Secondly, his personal network was an integral part of a wider fabric of Catalan emigration in the 19th century, and many of those who supported his enterprise were from Vilanova, a main starting point for the transatlantic population flow. Lastly Xifr{\'e}'s network is examined in the overall context of colonial rule of Spain. His connections extended to people like Miguel Tac{\'o}n, Joaqu{\'i}n G{\'o}mez and other influential policy-makers in colonial Cuba.",
keywords = "Capital transfer, Catalan emigrati{\'o}n, Indianos, Network analysis, Spanish colonialism",
author = "Yukari Yashima",
note = "Funding Information: Francisco y Antonio Mil{\`a} de la Roca estaban en Matanzas, una ciudad portuaria si-tuada a unos cien kil{\'o}metros al este de La Habana. Parece que all{\'i} Xifr{\'e}, Antonio (el padre) y Pelegr{\'i}n Marqu{\`e}s,44 un indiano vilanovense, fundaron una casa comercial, la «Mil{\`a} de la Roca Hermanos y C{\'i}a.», en alg{\'u}n momento antes de 1837. Aqu{\'i} Mil{\`a} de la Roca figura como uno de los socios de Xifr{\'e}. Los tres fundadores encargaron su adminis-traci{\'o}n a los hijos de Mil{\`a} de la Roca. No sabemos qu{\'e} comerciaba esta casa, pero sus ganancias fueron escasas. En junio de 1838 decidieron mandar a Francisco Sala y Pi, ad-ministrador de Xifr{\'e}, y a Gregorio Gum{\`a} a Matanzas para examinar las cuentas de la compa{\~n}{\'i}a, otorg{\'a}ndoles el poder de liquidarla en caso necesario.45Aqu{\'i} nos llama la atenci{\'o}n la existencia de una red tupida de vilanovenses, porque P. Marqu{\`e}s, F. Sala y Pi y G. Gum{\`a} eran todos procedentes de esta ciudad. Pelegr{\'i}n y su hermano Jos{\'e} Antonio eran amigos de J. A. Vidal y Pascual, el apoderado general de Xifr{\'e}, y administraban una casa de comercio, «Marqu{\`e}s, Ferrer y C{\'i}a.», en La Habana; en ella participaba Gregorio Ferrer y Soler, primo de los hermanos Gum{\`a} (Sebasti{\'a}n y Gregorio).46",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.2436/20.8050.02.23",
language = "Spanish",
volume = "19",
pages = "125--144",
journal = "Illes i Imperis",
issn = "1575-0698",
publisher = "Universitat Pompeu Fabra",
}
