Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that transradial intervention (TRI) improves clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with transfemoral intervention (TFI). However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have more procedure-related complications; TRI is frequently avoided for future creation of arteriovenous fistulas essential for hemodialysis. Therefore, limited information on TRI among CKD patients exists. We aimed to assess the impact of TRI on CKD patients. Methods: Consecutive PCI patients with advanced CKD registered in a multicenter Japanese registry between 2008 and 2017 (N = 20,420) were analyzed. Advanced CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m². Outcomes of interest were periprocedural bleeding (transfusion or decreasing hemoglobin by >3.0 g/dL within 72 h after PCI), acute kidney injury (AKI: absolute increase of 0.3 mg/dL or a relative increase of 50% in serum creatinine from baseline), and hemodialysis initiation after PCI. To account for baseline differences between patients with TRI and TFI, 1:1 propensity matching was performed. Results: Overall, 498 patients (3.7%) had advanced CKD, and 199 (40.0%) underwent TRI. After propensity matching, 324 patients were included (age, 74.9 ± 9.9 years; male, 63.6%; ACS, 46.0%). TRI was associated with reduced periprocedural AKI risks (12.4% versus 26.5%; p < 0.01) and hemodialysis initiation (3.1% versus 12.4%; p = 0.01) compared with TFI. TRI showed a trend toward lower rates of bleeding complications than those of TFI, but the difference was not statistically significant (1.9% versus 6.2%; p = 0.15). Conclusions: TRI might be beneficial over TFI in PCI patients with advanced CKD.