Urinary tract tuberculosis presenting as urothelial cancer: A case report

A 79-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to right hydronephrosis. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed the right pelvi-ureteric stenosis. Urine cytology was negative. Many leukocytes and a few Enterococcus faecalis were detected which was improved by antibiotics. Follow-up policy was taken because of no evidence of malignancy. However three months later, CT showed right ureter thickening and para-aortic lymph nodes swelling. The possibility of ureter cancer could not be ruled out and right nephroureterectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was urinary tract tuberculosis and three drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol) were given for nine months. No recurrence was seen after the treatment.