@article{f184886601d041b2b4719c592645e39d,
title = "Using satellite observations to evaluate the relationships between ice condensate, latent heat release, and tropical cyclone intensification in a mesoscale model",
abstract = "This study examines the relationship between frozen hydrometeors and latent heating in model simulations and evaluates the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to reproduce the observed frozen hydrometeors and their relationship to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification. Previous modeling studies have emphasized the importance of both the amount and location of latent heating inmodulating the evolution of TCintensity.However, the lack of observations limits a full understanding of its importance in the real atmosphere. Idealized simulations usingWRF indicate that latent heating is strongly correlated to the amount of ice water content, suggesting that ice water content can serve as an observable proxy for latent heat release in themid- to upper troposphere.Based on this result, satellite observations are used to create storm-centered composites of ice water path as a function of TC intensity. The model reasonably captures the vertical and horizontal distribution of icewater content and its dependence upon TC intensity, with differences typically less than 20%. The model also captures the signature of increased ice water content for intensifying TCs, suggesting that observations of ice water content provide a useful diagnostic for understanding and evaluating model simulations of TC intensification.",
keywords = "Hurricanes/typhoons, Model evaluation/performance, Satellite observations, Tropical cyclones",
author = "Wu, {Shun Nan} and Soden, {Brian J.} and Yoshiaki Miyamoto and Nolan, {David S.} and Buehler, {Stefan A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments. The authors acknowledge three anonymous reviewers whose comments led to substantial improvements of this paper. This work is supported by a grant from the NASA CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team program, and NASA Award 80 NSSC18K1032. SB{\textquoteright}s contribution was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), under project HD(CP)2, Grants 01 LK1502B and 01 LK1505D, and contributes to Excellence Cluster EXC 2037 {\textquoteleft}Climate{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}, Climatic Change, and Society,{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Grant 390683824 of the German Research Foundation (DFG), and to the Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) of Universit{\"a}t Hamburg. YM was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Scientific Research 26-358 for the JSPS fellowship program for overseas researchers and JSPS KAKENHI Grant JP18H05872. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 American Meteorological Society. All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1175/MWR-D-19-0348.1",
language = "English",
volume = "149",
pages = "113--129",
journal = "Monthly Weather Review",
issn = "0027-0644",
publisher = "American Meteorological Society",
number = "1",
}