@article{f328e7bd88ad4bf58cd77e7b32e687e9,
title = "Wireless Soft Actuator Based on Liquid-Gas Phase Transition Controlled by Millimeter-Wave Irradiation",
abstract = "We propose a wireless soft actuator controlled thermally by millimeter-wave irradiation. The actuator is composed of low boiling point liquid sealed in a soft bellows. By irradiating high-power millimeter-waves, the liquid can be evaporated to generate a strong mechanical force. We characterize the force and work extracted from the bellows as a function of the liquid volume and temperature. We then demonstrate the wireless actuation by irradiating a millimeter-wave on the bellows. We also evaluate its dynamic response by modulating the millimeter-wave. Our approach provides novel usage and design space of soft actuators.",
keywords = "Soft robot applications, force control, gas-liquid phase transition, low boiling point liquid, millimeter-waves",
author = "Soichiro Ueno and Yasuaki Monnai",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received February 24, 2020; accepted July 7, 2020. Date of publication August 4, 2020; date of current version August 17, 2020. This letter was recommended for publication by Associate Editor K. H. Petersen and Editor K.-J. Cho upon evaluation of the Reviewers{\textquoteright} comments. This work was supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR18J9, Japan. (Corresponding author: Yasuaki Monnai.) Soichiro Ueno is with the Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan (e-mail: soccho@ keio.jp). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1109/LRA.2020.3013847",
language = "English",
volume = "5",
pages = "6483--6488",
journal = "IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters",
issn = "2377-3766",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "4",
}